tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-72833882877807655952024-03-27T12:08:57.694-04:00Gene and Clara'sFamily archives of the Zdrojewski and Matynka families.Julie Zdrojewskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08792995662093668017noreply@blogger.comBlogger308125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7283388287780765595.post-52879599982029107782024-03-27T12:07:00.003-04:002024-03-27T12:07:54.065-04:00OSS CBI Photobook 17<div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKjy_YqhsbPvJT7QfSz84OU0wokDXN9yCHbGSVwdPmyHFRjFGQ5AH_9_RzT9_qYg4qvxcD1MYBI8F44Kv-c-FBcEHKht1NU2D-Mw3SQRpUzi4A-n7XS0WWg1JUif-VFLC5nw00Vt1W2OvHLBpWiO9VdO8_5h3plUdXu4_jgv4gvE8udqrWV-rYeNNPUEU/s1297/2c4db8753fa930ff594cd3c9331a1da630e075a8fda92197ca9d41a3c38bf8a3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1297" data-original-width="1119" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKjy_YqhsbPvJT7QfSz84OU0wokDXN9yCHbGSVwdPmyHFRjFGQ5AH_9_RzT9_qYg4qvxcD1MYBI8F44Kv-c-FBcEHKht1NU2D-Mw3SQRpUzi4A-n7XS0WWg1JUif-VFLC5nw00Vt1W2OvHLBpWiO9VdO8_5h3plUdXu4_jgv4gvE8udqrWV-rYeNNPUEU/w345-h400/2c4db8753fa930ff594cd3c9331a1da630e075a8fda92197ca9d41a3c38bf8a3.jpg" width="345" /> </a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> Page 17 is the first of several showing us off-duty moments in the HQ
near Kaifeng. They seem to have quite a few such moments, and quite a
lot of film.</div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjm1O99G0QxAvcjWjqkx65CuVzcpE_wNtQb-VjrGcLmdM5ac5h94NoWgTfvGxLfuq5Ca6I3YWXLvwi0Cc2qOAvDfdRjetzH9HVXaydpD9Qc4ttkDQrRqZoAhMSqkgclc9_HiwQQPVhneouWvuHxrV6UdeSilP_FKH_motr-RG960eP9Cc7SicN-W40nLSc/s5389/IMG_20240323_0001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4992" data-original-width="5389" height="370" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjm1O99G0QxAvcjWjqkx65CuVzcpE_wNtQb-VjrGcLmdM5ac5h94NoWgTfvGxLfuq5Ca6I3YWXLvwi0Cc2qOAvDfdRjetzH9HVXaydpD9Qc4ttkDQrRqZoAhMSqkgclc9_HiwQQPVhneouWvuHxrV6UdeSilP_FKH_motr-RG960eP9Cc7SicN-W40nLSc/w400-h370/IMG_20240323_0001.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p></p><p style="text-align: center;">Above: scan of top half of page 17.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBM_kPAnF17G5AVVpWYuMVjoxq81y7weNv9P1lJtSoK2s_nZeXeq1M7a4tuKkBIQpMODB9kdTgUMrYu8I1plW5iOQO-kPZGnki7eazoA_6Ur4AmGQppBo97Z1Kh1V6StjK3TGYfGHFr0_WU6bT5UwdRRz_bd3LppAZ6xBvPF43T5QsEzYe6aSfQQ-NYvw/s2137/IMG_20240323_0001%202.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2137" data-original-width="1571" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBM_kPAnF17G5AVVpWYuMVjoxq81y7weNv9P1lJtSoK2s_nZeXeq1M7a4tuKkBIQpMODB9kdTgUMrYu8I1plW5iOQO-kPZGnki7eazoA_6Ur4AmGQppBo97Z1Kh1V6StjK3TGYfGHFr0_WU6bT5UwdRRz_bd3LppAZ6xBvPF43T5QsEzYe6aSfQQ-NYvw/w294-h400/IMG_20240323_0001%202.jpg" width="294" /> </a> <br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTmPpbg8W2oB5vg2Kaat3lfNGQLPXe7kAnHrnC6gtZMlol3UkkAxsaoSHlVNwPIplDAlwh0DJlgZPyKPwIaILUC2H7901tecK2yyocSaaJzWlfozR6xbjwwwUDCstX2KUscaWvoq5fA7VrGyv6cJytF71AEejklzxuaVR3Fr9rjdy0sVK10JKZcTnWS_Y/s2514/IMG_20240323_0001%203.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2514" data-original-width="1699" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTmPpbg8W2oB5vg2Kaat3lfNGQLPXe7kAnHrnC6gtZMlol3UkkAxsaoSHlVNwPIplDAlwh0DJlgZPyKPwIaILUC2H7901tecK2yyocSaaJzWlfozR6xbjwwwUDCstX2KUscaWvoq5fA7VrGyv6cJytF71AEejklzxuaVR3Fr9rjdy0sVK10JKZcTnWS_Y/w432-h640/IMG_20240323_0001%203.jpg" width="432" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPsQkBT6vIo9rQOo1P9_dgDAHoeRvkYcWcubHiSn6bjLAxFnwrEwbAMWkWWF_L-tT5hnMxdpysm8ZZe9vYvf_hM-75uSZ6s3dMlzQYQCFt7VXYgiyyhY3rMsygBzNaehL9kmhbsy256v3yJggaE2jjOtHeOY6JGCspd7BScAy4bT5imSHQukkwMvlWvE0/s1159/IMG_20240323_0001%204.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="923" data-original-width="1159" height="319" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPsQkBT6vIo9rQOo1P9_dgDAHoeRvkYcWcubHiSn6bjLAxFnwrEwbAMWkWWF_L-tT5hnMxdpysm8ZZe9vYvf_hM-75uSZ6s3dMlzQYQCFt7VXYgiyyhY3rMsygBzNaehL9kmhbsy256v3yJggaE2jjOtHeOY6JGCspd7BScAy4bT5imSHQukkwMvlWvE0/w400-h319/IMG_20240323_0001%204.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p></p><p></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; 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text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVjbnyQA6izpwWP0W2jqge5tZ2zjWtP_56id6TcfBoX-orYsZ7K_9_blp8f6TLcnMPS2WWfgDy5XIqaMFX_8cy1IcAwpzkS7nsA4Fn61MkfPJtx6FR0apsMU3OsfFih4UecA5bz1yqQEr-r_TJIzHHVL6ZZZBzPL7KkdLkLr6_kMTvz-Uyt8xDN2VgLN8/s5409/IMG_20240323_0002.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4992" data-original-width="5409" height="369" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVjbnyQA6izpwWP0W2jqge5tZ2zjWtP_56id6TcfBoX-orYsZ7K_9_blp8f6TLcnMPS2WWfgDy5XIqaMFX_8cy1IcAwpzkS7nsA4Fn61MkfPJtx6FR0apsMU3OsfFih4UecA5bz1yqQEr-r_TJIzHHVL6ZZZBzPL7KkdLkLr6_kMTvz-Uyt8xDN2VgLN8/w400-h369/IMG_20240323_0002.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> Above: scan of bottom half of page 17.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicfw1zDe7l5ECIgdiD41j4jhgby_8h_CIC-U0u08pfpBNpRzyjYrOYykDTCHkdBC4psJYadBwAJjGXPGlUmPqMxhgiouJRuobAjeBvg8TmNMeIWAYPXLbHiaeIIvWMR3qpFetwf38vM8s2ZA8yxuAKxmEw479U7zdT1lTK0F7qfqZtKO7a3geC7GVMEB0/s2434/IMG_20240323_0002%202.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1717" data-original-width="2434" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicfw1zDe7l5ECIgdiD41j4jhgby_8h_CIC-U0u08pfpBNpRzyjYrOYykDTCHkdBC4psJYadBwAJjGXPGlUmPqMxhgiouJRuobAjeBvg8TmNMeIWAYPXLbHiaeIIvWMR3qpFetwf38vM8s2ZA8yxuAKxmEw479U7zdT1lTK0F7qfqZtKO7a3geC7GVMEB0/w400-h283/IMG_20240323_0002%202.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>This mode of transport will be featured in stories coming up.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVbmfRkl5UcuLNAXXSMDIfi6QVzbO1o3_8TWn7O73LRuLPsm8YkuEcnFMFpP0ZLJLCKmBxlSe6fBC8Y4wBG7iCw_qPFNOAjN83IjbmKWGjldRU4EkZVIpeKs0kRqbOXXbaOfGOjkcdETtvwS94Rjcymzm1xyVHBQp_-bTDbOQELXgID_N25xJJbOeO_zc/s1995/IMG_20240323_0002%203.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1636" data-original-width="1995" height="328" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVbmfRkl5UcuLNAXXSMDIfi6QVzbO1o3_8TWn7O73LRuLPsm8YkuEcnFMFpP0ZLJLCKmBxlSe6fBC8Y4wBG7iCw_qPFNOAjN83IjbmKWGjldRU4EkZVIpeKs0kRqbOXXbaOfGOjkcdETtvwS94Rjcymzm1xyVHBQp_-bTDbOQELXgID_N25xJJbOeO_zc/w400-h328/IMG_20240323_0002%203.jpg" width="400" /> </a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Robichaud, <i>aka</i> Frenchie</div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbeOGMtB9Y9ra97xCrh3VCNyvf_pV8HuDI3-B_uuq7rAowDwKfP9-cMOyiZOLBM0lx861PlOThztrGUET4LppUehLWdS4nWW0NDoLeTVhxdLvNFGllmLbK-lcUOq5iz2zURtiZx52QGhvagl2Wj62sQPnXeUo_Ijj-0-OwKNDiuYSSFRzbBUBc3wEg27g/s1084/IMG_20240323_0002%204.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1084" data-original-width="889" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbeOGMtB9Y9ra97xCrh3VCNyvf_pV8HuDI3-B_uuq7rAowDwKfP9-cMOyiZOLBM0lx861PlOThztrGUET4LppUehLWdS4nWW0NDoLeTVhxdLvNFGllmLbK-lcUOq5iz2zURtiZx52QGhvagl2Wj62sQPnXeUo_Ijj-0-OwKNDiuYSSFRzbBUBc3wEg27g/w328-h400/IMG_20240323_0002%204.jpg" width="328" /></a></div></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfiZi7vKNZQ7d-jI0vE7lBLjKQ7DY68qRfVJ7CA9ctckyVF7sIhPJCl6pD93zpLrStzblvb3kXbKA5qXNtp2s6Uzzy6TAD4xbAXZW1Gfy4KI4Jg0qoaa2_gXJJUPYgRTEpMcWHBlhVpqK6PzpXaUd8IXQqAw1HCht5qPBJvSqecokVK1RfrIMwbLeR26Q/s1077/IMG_20240323_0002%205.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1077" data-original-width="1030" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfiZi7vKNZQ7d-jI0vE7lBLjKQ7DY68qRfVJ7CA9ctckyVF7sIhPJCl6pD93zpLrStzblvb3kXbKA5qXNtp2s6Uzzy6TAD4xbAXZW1Gfy4KI4Jg0qoaa2_gXJJUPYgRTEpMcWHBlhVpqK6PzpXaUd8IXQqAw1HCht5qPBJvSqecokVK1RfrIMwbLeR26Q/w383-h400/IMG_20240323_0002%205.jpg" width="383" /></a></div></div></div><div style="text-align: center;">This kind of scene became a classic in after years, right?</div><div style="text-align: center;">Looks like blackjack.</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjobdAKgz8dtPx5wIEri4WUSjYIoGz_h8uOzXHPUb73zETe6YRGPClq4mq_rGq8WB-WZfGPXMb7YwFqLMZsQRpw0f0XXyivBpkyhh1JfVpL5awZl9klCkL9CNuN5083DVF6J2RcpSDnmZA__QPUzboRgkmeBJZ5b9LaZcgP1QS4QXfpGWjNY_1EheQaDmM/s3474/IMG_20240323_0002%206.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3474" data-original-width="2173" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjobdAKgz8dtPx5wIEri4WUSjYIoGz_h8uOzXHPUb73zETe6YRGPClq4mq_rGq8WB-WZfGPXMb7YwFqLMZsQRpw0f0XXyivBpkyhh1JfVpL5awZl9klCkL9CNuN5083DVF6J2RcpSDnmZA__QPUzboRgkmeBJZ5b9LaZcgP1QS4QXfpGWjNY_1EheQaDmM/w400-h640/IMG_20240323_0002%206.jpg" width="400" /> </a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0eFyTY4_1-_hzFLUb67N4unbqBJnCNJboq1JZIi8FmxgSB1L3gn8p53KiX6uxcSKiPVElSdcHuWzaAyp6-qCXs7VYOpYpqHUYE1NxccoS5b_YCjsU5r5FJViT01-zC5syoDugY3jKoa3clq4g1ohaPaWGkWFiV9vhMAprbPe30P6QFRwrpAJZYBF_psg/s3109/IMG_20240323_0002%207.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1235" data-original-width="3109" height="159" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0eFyTY4_1-_hzFLUb67N4unbqBJnCNJboq1JZIi8FmxgSB1L3gn8p53KiX6uxcSKiPVElSdcHuWzaAyp6-qCXs7VYOpYpqHUYE1NxccoS5b_YCjsU5r5FJViT01-zC5syoDugY3jKoa3clq4g1ohaPaWGkWFiV9vhMAprbPe30P6QFRwrpAJZYBF_psg/w400-h159/IMG_20240323_0002%207.jpg" width="400" /></a></div></div><div></div><div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqPLTCrsUldN4RSJXzS-WvXVYOTTSoo1PvK8lvH0LGFQ40ftMgjW_BPMdBGDllhba7nfcgXPhQIM1aC0C6T6UNd9vQFKI1Nzq2ihzQ-BPHG6pI6yyilMXRbIlrCYIa_M2BMdgdPaOKkpXgb27zovX3cNBtEsDqta9FRxh_XtO87CYbTXSXPj1AUu03JK0/s1745/JACKAL%20team.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="462" data-original-width="1745" height="106" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqPLTCrsUldN4RSJXzS-WvXVYOTTSoo1PvK8lvH0LGFQ40ftMgjW_BPMdBGDllhba7nfcgXPhQIM1aC0C6T6UNd9vQFKI1Nzq2ihzQ-BPHG6pI6yyilMXRbIlrCYIa_M2BMdgdPaOKkpXgb27zovX3cNBtEsDqta9FRxh_XtO87CYbTXSXPj1AUu03JK0/w400-h106/JACKAL%20team.jpg" width="400" /></a></div></div><div> </div><div> </div><div>Mills, Mills, and Brunner has lists of team members beginning on page 503. Note in the image above that the team name changed over time. </div><div> </div><div>As of May 22, 1945, the eight-member team is set up under Paul Cyr.</div><div><br /></div><div>Zdrojewski is the only member of the small group that trained together on Catalina who has ended up in JACKAL.</div><div><br /></div><div>For Friele, at least, we now have a hint. Andrew photoshopped <a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2015/04/oss-cbi-photobook-16-team-jackal-black_15.html">the dollar bill pasted into the Page 16 photomontage:</a></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfHFxHryvQHdSsiSCImw731QUJfHDnOsd9aQ9A0_VOYFgVWjfUCH93gcUYA4dYqS_8_L3ghgTi464A7SDU68tfMsGy972Kb1APz3G2PVgBjrbRAL-oX0Ip9PUZyQyhxm-oqJubpV6zBhILPOJ_o__KRVy97ic0uCJLiRrgDVKo__0U1M7TA2MJSwPPCVw/s1531/Dollar%20Photoshopped.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="602" data-original-width="1531" height="158" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfHFxHryvQHdSsiSCImw731QUJfHDnOsd9aQ9A0_VOYFgVWjfUCH93gcUYA4dYqS_8_L3ghgTi464A7SDU68tfMsGy972Kb1APz3G2PVgBjrbRAL-oX0Ip9PUZyQyhxm-oqJubpV6zBhILPOJ_o__KRVy97ic0uCJLiRrgDVKo__0U1M7TA2MJSwPPCVw/w400-h158/Dollar%20Photoshopped.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;">There's a name we know! <a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/130745947/berent-edward-friele">Sgt. B. E. Friele</a>. </div><div style="text-align: center;"> </div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgE1U3pnSK7k81XPARKtMv6el30Yuf5NwQh1nl1tIqTtbpyKKA2veaIunlC3gVZGsVkRxedZOr9BcyI_t4J4fUfA3SnkiI6YuiTaGirRBhV1JFAt13Nk9rDby2Qd4oTu9LDTP8bHs_sGth_ixizCSF5QhWk9unRDXc-nJIpWm2ZsTGmq0zCCNg6Xp5EQI/s726/130745947_1498516059.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="592" data-original-width="726" height="326" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgE1U3pnSK7k81XPARKtMv6el30Yuf5NwQh1nl1tIqTtbpyKKA2veaIunlC3gVZGsVkRxedZOr9BcyI_t4J4fUfA3SnkiI6YuiTaGirRBhV1JFAt13Nk9rDby2Qd4oTu9LDTP8bHs_sGth_ixizCSF5QhWk9unRDXc-nJIpWm2ZsTGmq0zCCNg6Xp5EQI/w400-h326/130745947_1498516059.png" width="400" /></a></div><br />This photo has the following caption in the "Communications Branch" section</div><div style="text-align: center;">of the <a href="https://arsof-history.org/articles/v3n4_oss_primer_page_1.html">OSS Primer Page</a> of the <a href="https://arsof-history.org/about.html">US Army Special Operations History Office:</a></div><div style="text-align: center;"> </div><div style="text-align: center;">"1SG Berent Friele sending a message at SO Team JACKAL, China, 1945.
Friele had previously been the radio operator of Jedburgh Team GERALD in
France 1944." <br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div>Julie Zdrojewskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08792995662093668017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7283388287780765595.post-51807626474897949022022-03-26T09:38:00.001-04:002022-03-26T09:41:57.076-04:00Cyprian Norwid: Ashes and Diamonds<p>Cyprian Kamil Norwid, (1821-1883), Polish poet and exile, wrote what is known to us now as the "Ashes and Diamonds" poem.<br /><br />I'll transcribe it in four sort-of verses and interleave some translation. Following that will be a 1958 film clip and a 2008 song video.<br /><br /><br /><b>Coraz to z ciebie jako z drzazgi smolnej<br />Wokoło lecą szmaty zapalone<br />Gorejąc nie wiesz czy stawasz się wolny<br />Czy to co twoje ma być zatracone<br /></b><br />Extant translation for which attribution is hard to find:<br />"So, often, are you as a blazing torch<br />With flakes of burning hemp falling about you, flaming.<br />You know not if the flames bring freedom, or death,<br />Consuming all that you must cherish."<br /><br />My translation, more literal and less beautiful - translation of poetry is a fascinating game:<br />"Increasingly, with you it’s like a blazing torch (tarry splinter)<br />Around you fall burning shreds<br />Burning, you know not whether they will become freedom<br />Or whether all that is yours is to be annihilated;"<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><b>Czy popiół tylko zostanie, i zamęt -<br />Co idzie w przepaść z burzą.<br />Czy zostanie na dnie popiołu gwiaździsty dyjament?<br />Wiekuistego zwycięstwa zaranie?</b><br /><br />Extant translation for which attribution is hard to find:<br />If only ashes remain, and want, chaos, and tempest,<br />You shall be annihilated.<br />Or will the ashes hold the glory of a starlike diamond?<br />The Morning Star of everlasting triumph?<br /><br />My translation, more literal and less beautiful:<br />Whether ashes only remain, and chaos -<br />What goes over the cliff in the storm.<br />Or whether there remains in the bottom of the ash a starlike diamond?<br />The dawn of everlasting triumph?<br /><br /><br />For verses 3 and 4, I can only offer my own translation:<br /><br /><b>Wiary dziś życzę Tobie, że zostanie<br />Bo na tej ziemi jesteś po to właśnie<br />By z ognia zgliszcza<br />Mógł powstać dyjament<br />Wiekuistego zwycięstwa zaranie<br /><br />Czy wiesz, że jesteś po to właśnie?!</b><br /><br />Faith today I wish you, that it remains,<br />For on this earth you are for exactly this:<br />So that from the fire-ashes<br />could arise diamond:<br />The dawn of everlasting triumph.<br /><br />Do you know that you are for exactly that?!<br /><br /><br /><br /><b>Połóż rękę na sercu,<br />Otwórz oczy szeroko, i skacz!<br />Powiedz: Teraz lub nigdy<br />Zamiast: Będzie co ma być<br />I nie czekaj aż głód spełni<br />Twoje cierpienie! Tak!</b><br /><br />Put hand on heart,<br />Open eyes wide, and jump!<br />Say: Now or never!<br />Instead of: There will be what will be.<br />And do not wait until hunger completes<br />Your suffering. Yes!<br /><br /><br />Andrzej Wajda's 1958 film <i>Ashes and Diamonds</i> is set in Warsaw just after WWII, at the height of the political and "kinetic" battle for Poland, between the Communists and the patriots wishing to re-establish the independent Republic. It has a famous scene in which the doomed protagonist and the lady find this Norwid poem inscribed on stone in one of the thousands of bombed-out and burned buildings in the city. The hero is in that all-too-familiar situation: with flames and ashes of his world swirling all around, he has to decide whether to fight, or go along to get along. If he fights, what will ensue, for him and for his country? He cannot know; he just fights anyway.<br /><br />That scene starts at the <u>9-minute mark of the 12-minute video</u><i><b> </b></i>below.<i><b> </b></i><b><i>Vade Mecum</i></b> is an artistic biographical video of the life of Norwid, who was ignored in his lifetime but very much heard today.</p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/V5nLr7t4mnI" width="320" youtube-src-id="V5nLr7t4mnI"></iframe></div><br /><p><br /><br />And here is <b>Stan Borys</b> singing the first two verses, with visual imagery apt once you know the background. (The exception in my case would be - I don't know from that turtle or whatever it is.)<br /><br />What Stan Borys sings is Verse 1, then 2; 1, then 2; 1, then 2, after which he hums with the storm winds.<br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/FrP9c1gnmHc" width="320" youtube-src-id="FrP9c1gnmHc"></iframe></div><br /><p><br /><br /><br /><i><b>Czy zostanie na dnie popiołu gwiaździsty dyjament?</b></i><br /><br /><br /> </p>Julie Zdrojewskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08792995662093668017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7283388287780765595.post-60169234943535576312021-01-02T16:47:00.001-05:002021-01-02T16:57:19.226-05:00More Finds for the Map Collection<p><a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/p/cartographia.html" target="_blank"><i>G&C</i> Maps Page</a> has been spiffed up with new additions. </p><p>One comes from the very good overview article <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War#cite_note-117" target="_blank"><i>Second Sino-Japanese War</i></a>, which provides discussion, illustration, maps, links to video, and references.</p><p>"Japanese Empire's Territorial Expansion" clearly shows the location and year of each move, beginning with the 1874 taking of the Ryukyu Islands, which include Okinawa, and moving on and up through the 1931 invasion of Manchuria and 1939 of Haiman. This illustrates the historical setting of what the US and Allies considered the China Theater of the Pacific War of WWII.</p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlDOI3x1l5qwYgpUR_eWBZWCCZWYv_El00nDs4cBJsrUuse62O1dTZG5FbeqeAlAzYx4k74gZVD4yh4KSPlVil-oAxdSrdo0eapSEHNvYu2zPF4TSywN4EV3N9BPtCtxk9wmQ2MmxxTjw/s390/390px-Dadao_map_1939.svg.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="238" data-original-width="390" height="244" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlDOI3x1l5qwYgpUR_eWBZWCCZWYv_El00nDs4cBJsrUuse62O1dTZG5FbeqeAlAzYx4k74gZVD4yh4KSPlVil-oAxdSrdo0eapSEHNvYu2zPF4TSywN4EV3N9BPtCtxk9wmQ2MmxxTjw/w400-h244/390px-Dadao_map_1939.svg.png" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <p></p><p>What a relief it was to find a couple of good, readable river maps. This <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yellowrivermap.jpg" target="_blank">map of the Yellow River (<i>Huang He</i>)</a> shows very clearly the course of the river, its tributaries and basin, basic regional topography, important cities, and surrounding regions. Hsian/Xian, at the junction of the Wei and Jing tributaries, was the OSS center of forward operations in the history we are considering.</p><p>One city, part of our story, that is <i>not</i> on this map is Kaifeng. That would be the mysterious <a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/search?q=Kaifeng" target="_blank">Kaifeng-on-the-Dollar-Bill</a>, of which we may or may not ever figure out the meaning.</p><p>Kaifeng is located east of Zhengzhou, right at the place where the Yellow River bends to the northeast. <br /></p><p>The source of this map is an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_River" target="_blank">essay</a> that goes into a lot of detail, on historical courses of the river, for example, or the deliberate 1938 KMT flooding of the Yellow River valley to deter Japanese troops.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOLD62u-R3oLxQnL2zxClmBjmD7L_GJKo0VfGxE6fI8X-yudGIE0wfpt70_mt1bHK6oWv2oLNMKFzxWE_EdxKSdXEb2YZZcjZRxFVdEd4mORkknyIG4LOBIFQue08oFIyhm1lB1SzvEJ0/s1200/1200px-Yellowrivermap.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="755" data-original-width="1200" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOLD62u-R3oLxQnL2zxClmBjmD7L_GJKo0VfGxE6fI8X-yudGIE0wfpt70_mt1bHK6oWv2oLNMKFzxWE_EdxKSdXEb2YZZcjZRxFVdEd4mORkknyIG4LOBIFQue08oFIyhm1lB1SzvEJ0/w400-h251/1200px-Yellowrivermap.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;">A map of the Yangtze has similar advantages in clarity, showing just enough detail of the course, drainage basin, geographical relation to the Yellow and the Pearl Rivers, geographical relation to Tibet, India, Burma, and the coast. It shows us Kunming and Hsian/Xian, clearly and on the same map.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn9G2jTDga3PhQZC2pEzV6PYKyCL55dPQ6w8VmKa0kFQzCX-qbuW7Lvc_Z_4qi1cdtTvTBPuZE-HgZJzqK4ocGqD_2MhgzvFdWsiMSdwT6CYl_5rey2-tHD04QLT2q1ODBEbrafAWQJLI/s1199/1199px-Yangtze_River_drainage_basin_map.svg.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="633" data-original-width="1199" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn9G2jTDga3PhQZC2pEzV6PYKyCL55dPQ6w8VmKa0kFQzCX-qbuW7Lvc_Z_4qi1cdtTvTBPuZE-HgZJzqK4ocGqD_2MhgzvFdWsiMSdwT6CYl_5rey2-tHD04QLT2q1ODBEbrafAWQJLI/w400-h211/1199px-Yangtze_River_drainage_basin_map.svg.png" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;">Last but not least, a <a href="https://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/china/" target="_blank">1959 set of topographical maps of eastern and southern China</a> is available for download from the University of Texas Libraries. The master map looks like this:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOizzK-4FITCJmeVEXnpgJtkhYyTR8eqkPDeJmphNDKB0DMklJ_PD309gAsv6lHzxsmb4sPWAHrrgT9SN9GFoXqgTzyMboufe-cp3scRrqTiRvjgMNWLqvJbpfy_1r5oT2Ed-PPmBrWpk/s2048/txu-oclc-10552568-index-full.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1095" data-original-width="2048" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOizzK-4FITCJmeVEXnpgJtkhYyTR8eqkPDeJmphNDKB0DMklJ_PD309gAsv6lHzxsmb4sPWAHrrgT9SN9GFoXqgTzyMboufe-cp3scRrqTiRvjgMNWLqvJbpfy_1r5oT2Ed-PPmBrWpk/w400-h214/txu-oclc-10552568-index-full.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p> From the landing page, I clicked on Hsian from the list of major place-names, zoomed in a bit, and took a screenshot of the ancient city and the rivers nearby:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVO2OsEXxhtGLgk6LCaV0Gz7NXNqj9CUJAQhs72rNENrPQEbSwA5CgBghl8Zgc1zsvZL1kT0HpaKNPG0YYiRfLVA_yCfM6IBTraatuH_TkT9bykJ2_I3fg7wZztObvBTcRLxkz7MYG9Xo/s874/Hsian+topo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="718" data-original-width="874" height="329" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVO2OsEXxhtGLgk6LCaV0Gz7NXNqj9CUJAQhs72rNENrPQEbSwA5CgBghl8Zgc1zsvZL1kT0HpaKNPG0YYiRfLVA_yCfM6IBTraatuH_TkT9bykJ2_I3fg7wZztObvBTcRLxkz7MYG9Xo/w400-h329/Hsian+topo.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p></p><p>This kind of reading and map study is useful in reminding us of the who-what-when-where of the broader stage and action in which fits our JACKAL story, to which we return.<br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>Julie Zdrojewskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08792995662093668017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7283388287780765595.post-79325080559657913012020-12-27T11:36:00.003-05:002020-12-27T11:36:22.931-05:00Reprise Post: Kolęda - "Gdy się Chrystus Rodzi"<p>"Kolędy" are the hymns of of the European Christmas Season, which runs
from December 4th through Epiphany, January 6th. This is intriguing and
mysterious, since the <a href="http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/kterms/g/Kalends.htm" target="_blank">"calends"</a> are the first days of the months in the ancient Roman calendar.</p><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<i>"Gdy się Chrystus Rodzi,"</i> "When Christ was Born," is an enduring favorite due, I would say, to its <i>tenderness </i>and<i> happiness</i>,
a quiet, reverent happiness. Few things bring greater joy than this
hymn performed by good musicians and choristers in a beautiful church at
midnight on Christmas Eve.</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium";"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtk1a9YUlO6ixUdxA0tDu6nluHYtSEuTIAI2u8f7XD5WLjL80UsNTajn1FN7byuYgR9cY5mzuLxyhoT6vW3V19DAGYT29EuD40IPdZSp8mgd3Q50crU5YYh2l_l_gVc6ahhFM4B4ERjfmZ/s1600/mqdefault.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtk1a9YUlO6ixUdxA0tDu6nluHYtSEuTIAI2u8f7XD5WLjL80UsNTajn1FN7byuYgR9cY5mzuLxyhoT6vW3V19DAGYT29EuD40IPdZSp8mgd3Q50crU5YYh2l_l_gVc6ahhFM4B4ERjfmZ/s400/mqdefault.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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<a href="http://vimeo.com/2635783" target="_blank">This choir, "Harmonia," performs with a traditional up-tempo refrain.</a><br />
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<span style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium"; font-size: medium;">A <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MtprKo4ibg0&feature=youtu.be" target="_blank">choir from Poznań</a> renders the carol in constant, serene tempo. <br /></span><span style="font-size: medium;">
<span style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium";"><b><br /></b></span>
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<span style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium"; font-size: medium;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://www.koleda.kdm.pl/lacinskie.html" style="font-style: italic;" target="_blank">Kolenda online</a><i> </i>is the source of lyrics below, and gives the musical score as well:</span></b></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><span style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium"; font-size: small;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium"; font-size: medium;"><b>Gdy się Chrystus rodzi</b> i na świat przychodzi,<br />ciemna noc w jasnościach promienistych brodzi.<br />Aniołowie się radują<br />pod niebiosa wyśpiewują:</span><span style="font-size: medium;"><br />
</span><span style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium"; font-size: small;"><br /><span style="font-size: medium;">Gloria, gloria, gloria<br />in excelsis Deo!</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><br />
<span style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium";"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium";">Mówią do pasterzy, którzy trzód swych strzegli,<br />aby do Betlejem czym prędzej pobiegli,<br />bo się narodził Zbawiciel<br />wszego świata Odkupiciel:<br /><br />Gloria, gloria, gloria<br />in excelsis Deo!<br /><br />O niebieskie duchy i posłowie nieba,<br />powiedzcież wyraźniej, co nam czynić trzeba,<br />bo my nic nie pojmujemy,<br />ledwo od strachu żyjemy:</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium";">Gloria, gloria, gloria<br />in excelsis Deo!</span></span><br />
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</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium";"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium";"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium"; font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman";"><i><span style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium";">Nascitur cum Christus et mundo apparet,<br />Caeca nox fulgore radiante claret.<br />Angeli in caelis visi<br />Cantat hymnum paradisi:</span></i></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman";"><i><span style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium";">Gloria, gloria , gloria,<br />In excelsis Deo.</span></i></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman";"><i><span style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium";"><br /></span></i></span></span>
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</span><div style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman";">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium"; font-size: medium;"><i><span style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium";">Pavidos pastores angeli hortantur,<br />Bethehem quam primum ut proficiscantur:<br />Natus enim est Salvator,<br />Mundi machine Creator.</span></i></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;">
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium"; font-size: medium;"><i><span style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium";"><br />Gloria, gloria, gloria,<br />In excelsis Deo. </span></i></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><div style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman";">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium"; font-size: medium;"><i><span style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium";"><br /></span></i></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><div style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman";">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium"; font-size: medium;"><i><span style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium";">Spiritus caelestes caelique legati,<br />Quidnam faciamus, nobis revelate.<br />Imperiti nil pollemus,<br />Metu capti vix vigemus.</span></i></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><div style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman";">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium"; font-size: medium;"><i><span style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium";"><br />Glioria, gloria, gloria,<br />In excelsis Deo.</span></i></span></div><div style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium"; font-size: medium;"><i><span style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium";"> </span></i></span></div><div style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium"; font-size: medium;"><i><span style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium";"> </span></i></span></div><div style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium"; font-size: medium;"><i><span style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium";"> </span></i></span></div><div style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium"; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium";"><a href="https://lyrics-on.net/en/1019747-gdy-si-chrystus-rodzi-lyrics.html" target="_blank">English translation here</a>.</span><i><span style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium";"> <br /></span></i></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><div style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman";">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium"; font-size: medium;"><i><span style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium";"><br /></span></i></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><div style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman";">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium"; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium";"><br /></span></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><div style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman";">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium"; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium";"><br /></span></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><div style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman";">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium"; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium";">Ehret and Evans's <a href="http://www.librarything.com/work/book/92461342" target="_blank">International Book of Christmas Carols</a> - a wonderful volume - displays this carol on a two-page spread, giving the first two verses, in Polish and English.</span></span></div>
<div style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman";">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium";"><span style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium"; font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium";"><span style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium"; font-size: large;">Błogosławiony Bożego Narodzenia!</span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium";"><span style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium"; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium";"><span style="color: #000066; font-family: "albertus medium";">A Blessed Christmas Season!</span></span></div>
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<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
to family and friends, far and near. Julie</div><div style="text-align: center;"> </div><div style="text-align: center;">(This post appeared originally on 12/22/2012. It was edited and updated on 12/27/2020.) <br /></div>
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Julie Zdrojewskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08792995662093668017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7283388287780765595.post-48498145610665357232020-12-26T11:58:00.002-05:002020-12-26T11:58:55.471-05:00Reprise Post: Kolędy (Polish Christmas Carols) - "Dzisiaj w Betlejem" <p> </p><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">"<i>Dzisiaj w Betlejem" </i>("Today in Bethlehem") is a carol of eager, triumphant gladness.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1em; margin: 1em 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Dzisiaj w Betlejem, dzisiaj w Betlejem<br />Wesoła nowina<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Że Panna czysta, że Panna czysta<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Porodziła Syna</span></i></div><div id="new_selection_block0.6730379266664386" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: black; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1em; margin: 1em 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">(refren:)<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><i>Chrystus się rodzi<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Nas oswobodzi<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Anieli grają<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Króle witają<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Pasterze śpiewają<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Bydlęta klękają<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Cuda, cuda ogłaszają</i></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1em; margin: 1em 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Maryja Panna, Maryja Panna<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Dzieciątko piastuje<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;" />I Józef święty i Józef święty<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;" />On ją pielęgnuje</span></i></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1em; margin: 1em 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">(refren)</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1em; margin: 1em 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Chociaż w stajence, chociaż w stajence<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Panna Syna rodzi<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Przecież on wkrótce, przecież on wkrótce<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;" />ludzi oswobodzi</span></i></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1em; margin: 1em 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">(refren)</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1em; margin: 1em 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">I trzej królowie, i trzej królowie<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;" />od wschodu przybyli<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;" />I dary Panu, i dary Panu<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;" />kosztowne złożyli</span></i></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1em; margin: 1em 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">(refren)</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1em; margin: 1em 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Pójdźmy też i my, pójdźmy też i my<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;" />przywitać Jezusa<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Króla nad królami, Króla nad królami<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;" />uwielbić Jezusa</span></i></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1em; margin: 1em 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">(refren)</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1em; margin: 1em 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1em; margin: 1em 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1em; margin: 1em 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://lyricstranslate.com/en/dzisiaj-w-betlejem-today-bethlehem.html" target="_blank">Lyric Translate</a> gives a satisfactorily literal translation to English:</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1em; margin: 1em 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial, sans-serif"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div id="new_selection_block0.6791800423525274" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: black; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1em; margin: 1em 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Today in Bethlehem, today in Bethlehem<br />
(there are) merry news<br />
That the pure Maiden, that the pure Maiden<br />
Has born a son</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1em; margin: 1em 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;">
(Refrain:)<br />
Christ is born<br />
He's going to deliver us<br />
The angels are playing (music)<br />
The kings are bidding welcome<br />
The shepherds are singing<br />
The cattle is kneeling<br />
Wonders, wonders do they announce</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1em; margin: 1em 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Mary the Maiden, Mary the Maiden<br />
Is nursing the child<br />
And Saint Joseph and Saint Joseph<br />
He's taking care of Her</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1em; margin: 1em 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;">
(Refrain)</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1em; margin: 1em 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Although in a little barn, although in a little barn<br />
The Maiden is bearing Her son<br />
After all He'll soon, after all He'll soon<br />
deliver the people</div>
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(Refrain)</div>
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And the Three Kings, and the Three Kings<br />
arrived from the east<br />
and they gathered precious<br />
gifts for the Lord, gifts for the Lord</div>
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(Refrain)</div>
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Let's go, too, let's go, too<br />
and bid welcome to Jesus<br />
King of Kings, King of Kings<br />
to adore Jesus</div>
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(Refrain)</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The <a href="http://www.librarything.com/work/book/92461342">International Book of Christmas Carols</a> has the melody, harmony, accompaniment, and chord notation, although the lyric differs.</span></div>
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<br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Many ensembles record this <i>kolęda</i>, including <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v72OWI7EQys" target="_blank">Mazowsze</a> and also <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kCNfhGg_IU0" target="_blank">The Mater Dolorosa Choir.</a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">(This is an edited version of the original post of 12/24/2012.) <br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> </div>
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Julie Zdrojewskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08792995662093668017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7283388287780765595.post-14872675129493114642020-12-24T15:42:00.002-05:002020-12-24T15:42:12.725-05:00Reprise Post: Chopin, Christmas, and "For Our Freedom and Yours!"<p><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "merriweather" , "georgia" , serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;">Lulajże, Jezuniu, “</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "merriweather" , "georgia" , serif; font-size: 16px;">Lullaby,
Little Jesus” is a traditional Polish Christmas carol dating from the
nineteenth century, or who knows, perhaps earlier. Here is a </span><a data-wpel-link="external" href="https://lyricstranslate.com/en/lulajze-jezuniu-hush-little-jesus.html" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007acc; font-family: Merriweather, Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">lyric in original and in translation</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "merriweather" , "georgia" , serif; font-size: 16px;">; very homey, yes?</span><br /></p><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;">Lulajże Jezuniu, moja Perełko,</span></div><div class="ll-0-2" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(26, 26, 26); color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Merriweather, Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;"> </span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;">Lulaj ulubione me Pieścidełko.</span></div><div class="ll-0-3" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(26, 26, 26); color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Merriweather, Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;"> </span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;">Lulajże Jezuniu, lulaj, że lulaj</span></div><div class="ll-0-4" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(26, 26, 26); color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Merriweather, Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;"> </span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;">A ty go matulu w płaczu utulaj</span></div><div class="ll-0-5" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(26, 26, 26); color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Merriweather, Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;"> </span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;"> Hush little Jesus, my little pearl,</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;"> Hush my favourite little delight.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;"> Hush little Jesus, hush, hush</span></div><div class="ll-0-5" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: normal;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;"> But you lovely mother, solace him in tears</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twPVmOPm-Xw" target="_blank">Here </a></span><span style="background-color: white;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twPVmOPm-Xw" target="_blank">it is sung by Stefan Witas in a 1932 recording </a>for Columbia. It is worth the trouble to follow the link and take a listen, as it </span><span style="background-color: white;">is a great recording of a nice tenor voice, plus all the scratchy vinyl versimilitude.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d9pw0t10MHc" target="_blank">And here is another, recent recording</a>, perhaps a little syrupy, but with the advantage of clarity, sung slowly enough that it is easy to listen and <a href="https://lyricstranslate.com/en/lulajze-jezuniu-hush-little-jesus.html">read the lyric</a> at the same time.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Fryderyk Chopin incorporated this carol into his first </span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;"><a data-wpel-link="external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scherzo" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007acc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">scherzo</a>, </span><span style="background-color: white;">his </span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;">Scherzo No.1 in B minor, Op. 20. </span><span style="background-color: white;">Why would he do that? And for that matter, why would he set a </span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;">musical joke</span><span style="background-color: white;"> in a minor key?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">In 1830, Chopin was in Vienna. The Polish military cadets in Warsaw launched an uprising against the Russian Tsar. This </span><a data-wpel-link="external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_Uprising" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007acc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">November Uprising of 1830 </a><span style="background-color: white;">involved Poles, Ukrainians, Lithuanians, and Belarus, and went on for 8 or 9 months until its ultimate defeat. </span><a data-wpel-link="external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/For_our_freedom_and_yours" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007acc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">This was their battle flag</a><span style="background-color: white;">:</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpXq4VHWjlkpshiew7_tq_P5W0NONauLZVAo9C8Enn9G5MVH58LZxY09q79aIBEYEpcNK8yLvqhPekRLzG-Y0lpEzbZpGFlHhsleLf-tQzEvYsuZzoTe7cL5R_yF8JFBkDpVF_PtW2WwI/s1600/656px-Za_wolnos%25CC%2581c%25CC%2581_nasza%25CC%25A8_i_wasza%25CC%25A8_1831.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="656" height="365" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpXq4VHWjlkpshiew7_tq_P5W0NONauLZVAo9C8Enn9G5MVH58LZxY09q79aIBEYEpcNK8yLvqhPekRLzG-Y0lpEzbZpGFlHhsleLf-tQzEvYsuZzoTe7cL5R_yF8JFBkDpVF_PtW2WwI/s400/656px-Za_wolnos%25CC%2581c%25CC%2581_nasza%25CC%25A8_i_wasza%25CC%25A8_1831.PNG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<div style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: normal; margin-bottom: 1.75em;">
IN THE NAME OF GOD</div>
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FOR AND<br />
OUR YOUR</div>
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FREEDOM</div>
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This is translated as <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">For our freedom and yours</span>, </span>and has been repeated in subsequent wars, and is repeated now.</div>
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Chopin’s friends persuaded him to remain in Vienna while this
insurrection raged in his homeland. So his compatriots were fighting
for independence far away; he had TB anyway; he could not fight. I
think that, obsessed with the knowledge of the fight and feeling the
agony of his homeland, he must have considered a <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;">musical joke</span> perfectly appropriate. It was a sick joke that Fate was playing on the Poles and their allies. The music speaks of frenzy.</div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-style: normal;">Here is </span><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">The Taking of the Warsaw Arsenal,</span><a data-wpel-link="external" href="http://www.pinakoteka.zascianek.pl/Zaleski/Index.htm" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007acc; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"> Marcin Zaleski</a><span style="background-color: white; font-style: normal;"> 1831.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-style: normal;">This is easily imagined on hearing the </span><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">scherzo. </span><span style="background-color: white; font-style: normal;"><a href="https://youtu.be/nJhacebV24k" target="_blank">Here is Artur Rubenstein performing</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-style: normal;">The structure of the thing is </span><a data-wpel-link="external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scherzo_No._1_(Chopin)" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007acc; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">all there to read about</a><span style="background-color: white; font-style: normal;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scherzo_No._1_(Chopin)" target="_blank">,</a>
but the stunner is what happens in the very center of it. At 3’20” in
this recording, the waking nightmare pauses, and reverie takes over. We
hear the melody of </span><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">Lulajże, Jezuniu. </span><span style="background-color: white; font-style: normal;">We
hear just the melody, as if we were being rocked in maternal arms, or
as if we were in meditation before the Manger, or as if we were at home
at Christmas.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-style: normal;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-style: normal;">But then we are jerked awake, startled back to the present and to war.</span></div>
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There are times when, after reading the news for an hour, I deliberately
send my thoughts back to the security and the wholeness of my own
childhood – for I was lucky to have such. My father would look at me and
say <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;">Pieścidełko </span>– little dear one.</div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-style: normal;">I
see the twinkling tree and all the glowing lights; I sense the dark
snowy winds beyond the curtains; I hear the music; I sense the
fragrances from the kitchen; I notice the rustlings of dear ones moving
around the house. Yes, I go back there in memory on purpose, but then
startle awake, jerk back to the present, where there is knowledge of
protracted, seemingly distant, yet decisive battle.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-style: normal;">(This post first appeared on December 24, 2019, and has been edited slightly.)<br /></span></div>
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Julie Zdrojewskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08792995662093668017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7283388287780765595.post-7367609301119288372020-12-22T15:51:00.000-05:002020-12-22T15:51:08.245-05:00Polish Wooden Churches Restored<p>As part of a revamping of the Links listing in the right sidebar here, I have added a link to <a href="https://www.thefirstnews.com/"><i>The First News</i></a>, a magazine-style site pitched to potential tourists with inclinations to visit Poland.</p><p><a href="https://www.thefirstnews.com/article/wood-you-believe-it-spectacular-wooden-churches-lovingly-restored-to-their-former-glory-18576">A recent article</a> discusses the completion of a project to restore ten wooden churches that date from medieval times. The photographs of exteriors and interiors are intriguing. All ten restored structures form a new wooden-church tourist trail in <i>Wielkopolska,</i> which is "Greater Poland," an ancient historical region that includes Poznań. The map below is from the article:</p><p> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZusierCpB5oQU41HHTgdPGZpAgbhCWqJCSzTyNT28qkbrgIUSoiclKU9Gf2CWAx8ipr1jxYaqHSBbBgGp8fM5phJOviNm4FaNV9boH1BMmgNvuGXRV6a8aOCK_8P7NfF5F7a1_CFmrC8/s751/ys63uc9z0le6s85g4jd7be.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="751" data-original-width="600" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZusierCpB5oQU41HHTgdPGZpAgbhCWqJCSzTyNT28qkbrgIUSoiclKU9Gf2CWAx8ipr1jxYaqHSBbBgGp8fM5phJOviNm4FaNV9boH1BMmgNvuGXRV6a8aOCK_8P7NfF5F7a1_CFmrC8/w512-h640/ys63uc9z0le6s85g4jd7be.png" width="512" /></a></p><p> Zdrojewski and Matynka ancestors came to America from <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Poland">Wielkopolska</a>. </i>The dialect map below is from the linked Wikipedia article, which also has images of historic maps as well as of coats of arms of the various historic families. These coats of arms are obviously the <i>best ones</i>!<br /></p><p></p><p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeOwMQRBowg23Uugmyvzo9o_Lyku08_vuz-gB1MLfJRLrEad3Jtcumv3yS5JZ47-QH0WVdXy8NAwpImVD4IVUUUvKHnZNKgJ1gVFXUjO0QEOXIVtbvxzldyqs4c0l0W1waQq2JUuGlzos/s1024/Polish+dialect+map.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="947" data-original-width="1024" height="435" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeOwMQRBowg23Uugmyvzo9o_Lyku08_vuz-gB1MLfJRLrEad3Jtcumv3yS5JZ47-QH0WVdXy8NAwpImVD4IVUUUvKHnZNKgJ1gVFXUjO0QEOXIVtbvxzldyqs4c0l0W1waQq2JUuGlzos/w471-h435/Polish+dialect+map.PNG" width="471" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Map of Polish dialects </b>by Aotearoa - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=11836448<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></p>Julie Zdrojewskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08792995662093668017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7283388287780765595.post-45037489941794442102020-12-21T13:23:00.001-05:002020-12-21T13:25:04.517-05:00Reprise Post: Advent Carol: "Czekam na Ciebie" <p>Today's reposting is a third edit of the original 2013 <i>kolęda </i>post.</p><p><br /></p><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<i>Czekam na Ciebie</i>, "I wait for You," expresses longing and
yearning for the arrival of the Savior. The Liturgical Season of Advent
is prime time for these feelings.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgslk2wG5JF9Zin9kj354T_hrbenayWbxiZItCyXjxyYKqVU_3yFjCAGqBBrPMSQQgYkObZNX6JKVuKYduI6YPJ4L7NhLz0LMpjZsILNz87PuZhRR9ltVltTu0XUN9SoWlpTSjscC9jSLw/s1600/Adwent.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="333" data-original-width="500" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgslk2wG5JF9Zin9kj354T_hrbenayWbxiZItCyXjxyYKqVU_3yFjCAGqBBrPMSQQgYkObZNX6JKVuKYduI6YPJ4L7NhLz0LMpjZsILNz87PuZhRR9ltVltTu0XUN9SoWlpTSjscC9jSLw/s400/Adwent.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;">How does it sound? In minor mode, it sounds yearning. </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qp_klMEe0rk" style="color: #990000; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; text-decoration: none;">Like this</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;">, sung by a church organist with an affecting baritone. And like this,</span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-YezOlPBLFs" style="color: #990000; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"> performed in the style of a quiet folk tune.</a><br /><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;">From </span><a href="http://www.nuty.religijne.org/index.html" style="color: #990000; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; text-decoration: none;">Nuty Religijne</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;"> we can obtain the </span><a href="http://www.nuty.religijne.org/galeria/Czekam_na_Ciebie_Jezu_moj_maly_125477_1.pdf" style="color: #990000; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; text-decoration: none;">score with Polish lyrics</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;">:</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR0SwVHqeQHQYpk4jcFqwxudAugjQZsXbDQmso0KOSVzhE8DYQZgCm0vUK3R-nayvTMrYLMdTy4Ic63A1TR4LwRKnbN-nzGiNLcIMmDmRC_iM4zPAB7uFCoBd8g46l1SaXU4D1DeX9-KM/s1600/0001pi.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="380" data-original-width="400" height="380" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR0SwVHqeQHQYpk4jcFqwxudAugjQZsXbDQmso0KOSVzhE8DYQZgCm0vUK3R-nayvTMrYLMdTy4Ic63A1TR4LwRKnbN-nzGiNLcIMmDmRC_iM4zPAB7uFCoBd8g46l1SaXU4D1DeX9-KM/s400/0001pi.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;">Source for the Polish lyric is </span><a href="http://teksty.org/religijne,czekam-na-ciebie-jezu,tekst-piosenki" style="color: #990000; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; text-decoration: none;">teksty.org</a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;">:</span></span></div>
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<i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;">Czekam na Ciebie, Jezu mój mały,</span><br style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;">ciche błaganie, ku niebu śle.</span><br style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;">Twojego przyjścia, czeka świat cały.</span><br style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;">Sercem gorącym przyzywa Cię.</span></i></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;"> I wait for You, my little Jesus,</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"> Silent supplication to the sky send.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"> For your advent, the whole world is waiting.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"> Fervent hearts call You.</span></span><br />
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<i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;">Spójrz, tęskniony na tej ziemi,</span></i><br />
<i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;">przyjdź, o Jezu, pociesz nas!</span><br style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;">Szczerze kochać Cię będziemy.</span><br style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;">Przyjdź, o Jezu, bo już czas.</span></i><br />
<i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;"><br /></span></i>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;"><i> </i>Look upon this Earth with its longing,</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;"> Come, O Jesus, comfort us!</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;"> Truly we will love You.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;"> Come, O Jesus, because it is already time.</span><br />
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<i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;">Usłysz Maryjo głos Twoich dzieci,</span><br style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;">Tyś naszą Matką na każdy dzień.</span><br style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;">O daj nam Słońce, które rozświeci,</span><br style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;">grzechu i błędu straszliwy cień.</span></i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;"><br /></span><br />
<i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;">Hear, Mary, the voice of your children.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 18px;"> Thou art our Mother, every day.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 18px;"> Give to us the Sun, that its light</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 18px;"> Will enshadow sin and terrible error.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 18px;"><i><span style="background-color: white;">Spójrz teskniony na tej ziemi,</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">daj nam Zbawcę, Dziecię Twe.</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">My dla Niego żyć pragniemy,</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Jemu damy serca swe.</span></i></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 18px;"><i><span style="background-color: white;"> </span></i></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;">Look upon this Earth with its longing,</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;"> Give to us the Savior, your Son.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;"> We for Him to be living crave,</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;"> To Him we will give our hearts.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;">This is a revision of the <a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2013/12/carol-for-advent-czekam-na-ciebie.html" target="_blank">2013 post <i>Czekam na Ciebie.</i></a></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;">This is edited once more for 2020.<i> <br /></i></span></div>
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Julie Zdrojewskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08792995662093668017noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7283388287780765595.post-16758120653811871312020-04-05T11:06:00.000-04:002020-04-05T11:06:09.722-04:00OSS Special Operations in China, Close Reading 2: Chapter 1<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2020/03/oss-special-operations-in-china-close.html" target="_blank">Part 1 in this series</a> concerns the front matter of the <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Special-Operations-China-Francis-Mills/dp/0932572405/ref=sr_1_2?dchild=1&keywords=OSS+Special+Operations+in+China&qid=1585494148&sr=8-2" target="_blank">book</a>, which by the way I will refer to shorthand as "MMB."<br />
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Here in Part 2 we take a look at the first full chapter, <b>"The China Situation - Background for War."</b><br />
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The approach is to set the scene in Kunming, site of OSS HQ, where Mills <i>et. al. </i>landed to kick off operations after being briefed.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>Kunming is a large, bustling, beautiful city in Yunnan, the province that occupies the southwest corner of China. Located on a plateau at an altitude of about 6,000 feet, beside a beautiful lake, it is the capital of the province, bordered by Tibet to the northwest, the Himalayas to the west, Laos and Vietnam to the south. The climate is said to be the best in all of China, and it became the location of summer palaces and a resort for Chinese royalty and high government officials. When we arrived, the province had a population of some seventeen million including farmers and refugees from war-torn areas to the east. </i></blockquote>
(Here at <i>Gene & Clara's, </i>if you enter "Kunming" in the blog search utility high on the right sidebar, it will give you 13 posts having the label "Kunming." Even so, I have not been able to identify any photo in the Photobook as being of that city. Was that a matter of security policy, even in September 1945, when our EJZ was in Kunming being debriefed?)<br />
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MMB summarize the topics covered in the briefing:<br />
civil war between the KMT and the Communists;<br />
Imperial Japanese occupation of the eastern third of China;<br />
Japanese difficulty in moving westward, due to terrain and Chinese resistance;<br />
"puppet governments," i.e. Chinese localities, and their armies, set up by the Japanese and loyal to them;<br />
unapologetic use by the KMT of American forces and materiel to consolidate KMT position and control the Communist incursions;<br />
the position of the Communists:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>The Communist Eighth Route Army under Mao was deployed along the western reaches of the Yellow River and in central China, and to the north and east toward Peiping. Mao's headquarters was in Yenan, about 300 miles north of Hsian </i>[our Shian/Xian] <i>where he sat out the war and waited for it to end so he could continue the fight against Chiang Kai-shek. When they were fighting at all, his efforts were directed against the Nationalists.</i></blockquote>
Wedemeyer command of the China Theater from 1944;<br />
US Army Air Force, the 14th (successor to Chennault's Flying Tigers) and the 10th;<br />
complete inability of Chinese infantry to fight regular ground warfare, and the consequent reliance on guerilla warfare, for which the OSS trained contingents of them;<br />
Navy Intelligence operatives; SACO; Donovan getting the OSS independent of SACO;<br />
Tai Li, magnate of Chinese Secret Police.<br />
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Thus in a few pages we are given the background situation. Does it sound familiar to <i>G&C </i>readers? Well, I hope so! The R. Harris Smith papers gave us some nitty-gritty on these topics: <br />
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<a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2019/02/nationalist-warlords-ambivalent.html" target="_blank">Nationalist Warlords, Ambivalent Warlords, Commies, and Americans</a><br />
<a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2019/02/fighting-idealists-find-raw-cynicsm.html" target="_blank">Fighting Idealists Find Raw Cynicism</a><br />
<a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2019/03/the-chinese-puzzle-considered-with-some.html" target="_blank">"The Chinese Puzzle" Considered With Some Source Material from the Hoover</a><br />
<a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2019/03/mysterious-letter-from-chungking.html" target="_blank">Mysterious Letter from Chungking</a><br />
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This first chapter also describes forcefully what we would call the lack in China of modern infrastructure, most painfully of roads and motorized vehicles:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>So, for lack of more effective transportation, OSS teams and their guerrilla fighters just had to walk, and walk, and walk! They almost always moved at night for security, carrying all their weapons, ammunition, demolitions, food and other supplies with them. It had been somewhat like that in the Burma jungle campaigns, but not so in Europe where vehicle transportation was usually available when you needed it. China was quite a change for us.</i></blockquote>
This recalls to mind a remark our EJZ made when asked straight out, on one occasion, what it was like for him in China. He paused, then said <i>There was a lot of running.</i><br />
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MMB Chapter 1 also lays out some OSS organizational structure.<br />
Col. Richard <b>Heppner</b>, Commander of OSS Detachment 202, HQ Kunming;<br />
Functional branches, "carefully compartmented for information security:"<br />
<b>SI, Secret Intelligence,</b> espionage;<br />
<b>SO, Special Operations,</b> guerilla warfare and sabotage;<br />
<b>X-2, Counterintelligence;</b><br />
<b>MO, Morale Operations,</b> psychological warfare;<br />
<b>MU, Maritime Unit;</b><br />
<b> Research and Analysis;</b><br />
<b> Field Photography;</b><br />
<b> Communications.</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
Finally, in this Chapter the authors emphasize that the support of Chinese people, military and civilian, made possible the success of OSS operations in China.<br />
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<i>Remarkably, there were only five OSS personnel and several hundred of their Chinese Nationalist guerrilla soldiers killed in action during this last year of combat in China while accounting for 12,348 Japanese troops killed and the destruction of the enemy ground transportation system and logistics facilities. Reasons for the unusually low number of friendly casualties were their guerrilla tactics and most of all the wholehearted support from almost all civilian Chinese living in the areas of operations.</i></blockquote>
If you've read <i>Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo,</i> about the 1942 Doolittle raids on Japan and the rescue and extraction of the US fliers downed in China, you have been given a full and vivid picture of the depth and universality of the Chinese civilian support of Americans there to fight the Japanese. With all the murder continuing to and through 1945, that Chinese support can only have grown.<br />
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Next up: Chapter 2, "The Ping-Han Railway."<br />
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I invite <i>G&C</i> readers to acquire personal copies of the <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Special-Operations-China-Francis-Mills/dp/0932572405/ref=sr_1_2?dchild=1&keywords=OSS+Special+Operations+in+China&qid=1585494148&sr=8-2" target="_blank">book</a> and turn this into a group read. Solving puzzles with missing pieces is not an outstanding talent of mine; fellow readers will contribute to a good time, and also catch errors!<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipOyW95XgWlmcH9f-IQpnRkLOy5dyeCit2j-5Jajjl_RLsgJPmKXHNl1ShyphenhyphenKYS42iINAPpdyDilYgmdSNqwDcm_yIDOeEMYPTL8NEOH4KS9kAELwSAV1LR4Ao7FQ3meaG6bQ40IcFrpgQ/s1600/OSS+CBI+Photobook+11%252C+Part+2+11.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1015" data-original-width="1600" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipOyW95XgWlmcH9f-IQpnRkLOy5dyeCit2j-5Jajjl_RLsgJPmKXHNl1ShyphenhyphenKYS42iINAPpdyDilYgmdSNqwDcm_yIDOeEMYPTL8NEOH4KS9kAELwSAV1LR4Ao7FQ3meaG6bQ40IcFrpgQ/s400/OSS+CBI+Photobook+11%252C+Part+2+11.jpeg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">from OSS CBI Photoboook 11</td></tr>
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As we go along in this reading of MMB, I will point out ways to use the blog to find related matter. For example:<br />
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If you enter "OSS CBI Photobook," it will give you all posts having that phrase in the title, with the most recent at the head of the parade.<br />
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If you enter "OSS CBI Photobook 11" it will give you the first pages in the Photobook to have photos of China. Page 11 is covered in two posts: <a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2014/09/oss-cbi-photobook-11-part-1-calcutta.html" target="_blank">first here</a>, and <a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2014/09/oss-cbi-photobook-11-part-1-calcutta.html" target="_blank">next here</a>.<br />
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If you search for "OSS CBI Photobook 12," the results will be <a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2014/10/oss-cbi-photobook-12-part-1-koumintang.html" target="_blank">then here</a>, and <a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2014/10/oss-cbi-photobook-12-part-2-koumintang.html" target="_blank">finally here</a>. <br />
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<a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2014/10/oss-cbi-photobook-12-part-1-koumintang.html" target="_blank">Page 12 has the CBI patch pasted on it among the photos.</a><br />
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Does that mean that Page 11 is not China at all, but rather a rest camp in Assam, taken prior to deploying to China? It's your turn to squint at those photographs again for clues.<br />
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Page 12 has several shots of a village, like this one, not at all Kunming-looking:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoYLHJaVQYUyRsZMh7mFdEc9W5xm9NyYZ33IJ-CPjVdyxRwiiWIw2wLT_ddDF-9NRKSg62b04CY7d54arbMw9gFSXEKDr5Wsj0fEEKSUWVSHCBlz6EE6VuN89CLyJ9LwOY5Dn5B4bgy5c/s1600/IMG_1741.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="449" data-original-width="597" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoYLHJaVQYUyRsZMh7mFdEc9W5xm9NyYZ33IJ-CPjVdyxRwiiWIw2wLT_ddDF-9NRKSg62b04CY7d54arbMw9gFSXEKDr5Wsj0fEEKSUWVSHCBlz6EE6VuN89CLyJ9LwOY5Dn5B4bgy5c/s400/IMG_1741.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
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Julie Zdrojewskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08792995662093668017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7283388287780765595.post-25506365044675076452020-03-29T13:33:00.000-04:002020-04-04T11:29:35.301-04:00OSS Special Operations in China, Close Reading 1: Front Matter<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Previous discussions of <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Special-Operations-China-Francis-Mills/dp/0932572405/ref=sr_1_2?dchild=1&keywords=OSS+Special+Operations+in+China&qid=1585494148&sr=8-2" target="_blank">Mills, Mills, and Brunner 2002</a> are these:<br />
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<a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2014/11/is-this-frenchie.html" target="_blank">OSS CBI Photobook 15 - Southwest China, 1945- Reconnaissance, Part 2, Is this "Frenchie?"</a></div>
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<a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2019/02/nationalist-warlords-ambivalent.html" target="_blank">Nationalist Warlords, Ambivalent Warlords, Commies, and Americans</a> (This is about related material in <a href="https://www.amazon.com/OSS-History-Americas-Central-Intelligence/dp/1493042173/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1585494580&sr=8-2" target="_blank">the R. Harris Smith book</a>.)</div>
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<a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2019/02/looking-for-log-in-all-wrong-places.html" target="_blank">Looking for Log in All the Wrong Places</a></div>
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I can find no citation for the <b>front jacket image</b>. Was it of the Yellow River Bridges Mission of August 9, 1945? Or was it of another mission, earlier in the summer?</div>
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Who took the photo? Pfc. Eugene Zdrojewski, Field Photo? Or Captain Zarembo? Or Frenchie? Or members of another Team?</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl77Zo2lueCr5t_rHYCB_sBdZcTdYhjZRaSIhdyjg8u_O6bZSrP3pc-h9ITYuftLzScmu1Z0Sc0mkieK00m6CYG8_T-x_oUk4yh69zm_zmKi8b5J5xFMKKRmyVUyH9WS-ymIAxWk0Qarc/s1600/Unknown.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="274" data-original-width="184" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl77Zo2lueCr5t_rHYCB_sBdZcTdYhjZRaSIhdyjg8u_O6bZSrP3pc-h9ITYuftLzScmu1Z0Sc0mkieK00m6CYG8_T-x_oUk4yh69zm_zmKi8b5J5xFMKKRmyVUyH9WS-ymIAxWk0Qarc/s400/Unknown.jpeg" width="268" /></a></div>
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This scan of the <b>back jacket image</b> shows guys under awnings in a boat. What is the location - perhaps Kaifeng, city of canals? </div>
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We've looked at photos of Kaifeng before, <a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2015/04/oss-cbi-photobook-16-team-jackal-black.html" target="_blank">here</a>, then <a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2015/04/chinese-commandos-in-training-detail.html" target="_blank">here as well</a>, and <a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2015/04/oss-cbi-photobook-16-team-jackal-black_15.html" target="_blank">also here</a>. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiu_JZIkB-jt7qyQR_4trpKczfa2d3-bX2XGC5vTpzWCOBtvHNtlsdWO3O3p-exyyc2r0AYSczvBzkwwDJiHePUIo_gc0E5ivHPuXoZZuUWieOibRvcBkIhah3HOHZD8ynCYIw5fFQB_Y8/s1600/MMB+back+jacket+photo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1165" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiu_JZIkB-jt7qyQR_4trpKczfa2d3-bX2XGC5vTpzWCOBtvHNtlsdWO3O3p-exyyc2r0AYSczvBzkwwDJiHePUIo_gc0E5ivHPuXoZZuUWieOibRvcBkIhah3HOHZD8ynCYIw5fFQB_Y8/s400/MMB+back+jacket+photo.jpg" width="290" /></a></div>
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Francis Mills's <b>Acknowledgements</b> begin with the reason this book was written when it was:</div>
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<i>Preparation of this book was started in 1985 when the CIA declassified many of the secret reports prepared by commanders of Special Operations teams of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), with details about the guerrilla wars they conducted in mainland China against the Japanese Expeditionary Army during 1945 . . </i></blockquote>
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Chinese place-names, common and proper nouns, and other terms that we run across at <i>G&C</i> are spelled in English in different ways, for example Peking/Beijing. John W. Brunner's <b>Preface</b> includes mention of the nineteenth-century <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" target="_blank">Wade-Giles system</a> of Romanized transcription of Mandarin to English:<br />
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<i>At the time when the events in this book took place, the most prevalent practice was to use the Wade-Giles system . . . Because the pertinent documents and military maps of the period generally used this system, that is the system that will be used here.</i></blockquote>
We are doing that here, too, because we are looking at all this primary material. So far, the only place-name for which I routinely give two spellings is Sian/Xian.<br />
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The <b>Introduction</b> explains that Francis Mills was</div>
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<i>. . . in charge of Special Operations in the large area of China north of the Yangtze River, extending north to . . . Peking. In this story he describes the operations in North China and also tells about the expansion of other guerrilla attacks in the southern half of the country that were so effective against the strong, clever, ruthless and barbaric Japanese Expeditionary Army during the last year of the war . . . the . . . Japanese Army of about one million men that had occupied and controlled the eastern area of China extending about 300 miles inland from the Pacific Ocean.</i></blockquote>
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More detail is found in an <a href="https://www.dccinema.com/OSS.htm" target="_blank">online essay about the book</a>; here are the first three paragraphs from that essay's "About the Author" section:</div>
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<i><span style="font-size: large;">In 1943, as an Army Major in the Field Artillery, Frank Mills volunteered for overseas duty with the Office of Strategic Services (OSS). After training in Special Operations, he was ordered to London to join the combined Special Forces Command of British, French and Americans, to support Resistance efforts in Europe as part of the Allied invasion of France. </span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-size: large;">With OSS Special Forces Detachment 101, he landed in the <strong>D-Day</strong> Invasion with advance elements of the First Infantry Division on <strong>Omaha Beach</strong>. He coordinated French Resistance activities with the military operations of First Army as the Allied invasion forces went ashore and moved through France.</span></i></blockquote>
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<i><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-size: large;">When the German forces had been driven out of France in late 1944, he was named <strong>OSS Chief of Special Operations</strong> for the <strong>Central Field Command in China</strong>. In that capacity he was in charge of all OSS guerrilla warfare against the Japanese Expeditionary Army in the area extending about 1,000 miles north from the Yangtze River and along the Yellow River. He remained at that command until September, 1945.</span></i></blockquote>
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Did Francis Mills meet Albert Robichaud, our "Frenchie," in France? So far I've found no reference to that; we'll keep on the alert for clues. Next up: <i>Chapter 1, The China Situation, Background for War.</i><br />
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Julie Zdrojewskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08792995662093668017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7283388287780765595.post-84271685613635847242020-03-06T11:03:00.000-05:002020-03-06T11:03:33.301-05:00Still Camera on the National Mall, 1944<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(26, 26, 26); color: #1a1a1a; font-family: merriweather, georgia, serif; font-size: 16px;">This is a second look back at a <a href="http://Our EJZ and a small group of buddies, having completed survival and tactical training on Catalina and crossed back to the East Coast by train, continue briefing at OSS offices in the Capital." target="_blank">May 6, 2014 post</a> of photos showing the OSS team training with cameras just prior to deployment. <a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2020/03/movie-camera-on-national-mall-1944.html" target="_blank">The first look back, at the movie camera, is here.</a></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(26, 26, 26); color: #1a1a1a; font-family: merriweather, georgia, serif; font-size: 16px;">November, 1944, The National Mall, Washington, D.C. – </span><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(26, 26, 26); color: #1a1a1a; font-family: merriweather, georgia, serif; font-size: 16px;">Our EJZ and a small group of buddies, having completed survival and tactical training on Catalina and crossed back to the East Coast by train, continue briefing at OSS offices in the Capital. <a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2014/05/oss-cbi-photobook-7-outtakes-2.html" target="_blank">Further outtakes</a> from the post of May 6, 204 include several photos of a still camera, of which this is the most clear:</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb1TXhwkwKCe2hIlsP_5uzxpRi-sLsEBLq0n3QFcxTNKkbrM8igCED4GmSieBCBr-gyJvfGwNtQh6moF4hK3zGt8qrVKrzp8d5tUV55dpX8m9tCjBKsXt6Yk3F9FbBUck7565dZEvMwtQ/s1600/Scan+52+-+Version+2-1.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1253" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb1TXhwkwKCe2hIlsP_5uzxpRi-sLsEBLq0n3QFcxTNKkbrM8igCED4GmSieBCBr-gyJvfGwNtQh6moF4hK3zGt8qrVKrzp8d5tUV55dpX8m9tCjBKsXt6Yk3F9FbBUck7565dZEvMwtQ/s400/Scan+52+-+Version+2-1.jpeg" width="312" /></a></div>
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With the help of kind friends we have identified this as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_Graphic" target="_blank">Graflex Speed Graphic large-format press camera.</a> The <a href="https://graflex.org/speed-graphic/graphic-models.html" target="_blank">"Anniversary Speed Graphic" of 1940-1946</a> is described <span style="background-color: #f8f9fa; caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); color: #222222;"><i><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">No grey metal exposed, satin black with chrome trim. Wartime model: no chrome. Bed and Body track rails linked, allowing focusing of wide angle lens within body. Solid wire frame viewfinder. Trim on face of body is found only on top and sides.</span></i></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://graflex.org/speed-graphic/anniversary-graphic.html" target="_blank">"Anniversary Speed Graphic"</a><br /><div style="text-align: center;">
as described on the <a href="https://graflex.org/" target="_blank">Graflex.org site.</a></div>
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<a href="https://graflex.org/speed-graphic/" target="_blank">The Graflex FAQ has all the details</a>, after starting off with an iconic image of a c1940s press photographer, just as is shown in Hollywood movies of the time. From the FAQ:<div>
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<i>T</i><span style="background-color: white;"><i>he Speed Graphic camera has two shutters - focal plane and in-lens; three viewfinders - optical, wire frame and ground glass; interchangeable lenses; a rise and fall front; lateral shifts; a coupled rangefinder; and a double extension bellows adaptable to lenses from 90mm to over 300mm.</i></span><div style="background-color: white;">
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<i>The Speed Graphic looks complicated, but is one of the simplest and most flexible cameras made. Afflicted by a ``Rube Goldberg'' variety of features - three viewfinders! - you prove your skill everytime you use it. Nothing in the Graphic is automated; if you don't pay attention you can double expose, shoot blanks, fog previous exposures or shoot out of focus images. However, once you get used to it, it is amazingly easy to use.</i></div>
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<i>. . . In 1940, Graflex announced the Anniversary Speed Graphic with Kodak Anastigmat (or the then all-new Ektar) lens. The new features included the coupled rangefinder and flash solenoid to use the then popular flashbulb. The bed would drop past horizontal, allowing the use of the new wide angle lenses. . . </i><i>The Speed Graphic was the still camera of World War II. . . </i></div>
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The Graflex Speed Graphic is still in use and has fans.</div>
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<a href="https://www.photo.net/discuss/threads/cameras-of-wwii-era.225364/" target="_blank">From a fan comment at photo.net: </a> <span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); color: #141414;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><i>A lot of American photographers (and others) used the Graflex Graphic cameras, which are large format sheet film cameras that were equipped with the finest lenses of their days. The large format plus the best lenses and fine-grained film resulted in tremendously sharp and obscenely detailed pictures with wonderful tonality. No digital camera will get you images with a comparable high resolution.</i></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #141414; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(20, 20, 20);"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.photo.net/discuss/threads/typical-camera-used-by-ww2-photographers.272657/" target="_blank">The same fan comments once more,</a> mentioning things that stir the childhood memory: </span></span><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); font-size: 15px;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><i><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); color: #141414;">Add fine-grained film and you get stunning, sharp and detailed pictures with extreme resolution. I guess not even the most expensive digital back available today will beat such a large format negative in terms of details and "megapixels" -- to say nothing of "bokeh" and the nice, diffused look of large flash bulbs.</span></span></i></span><i style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); color: #141414;"> . .And of course the film wasn't processed by the local one-hour photo minilab with a bored high-school-age minimum wage worker, but by dedicated professionals with decades of experience (Capa's misfortune was caused by an excited and new lab technician... I always wonder what happened to him).</span></span></i></div>
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<i>Bokeh</i> is a term new to me; <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bokeh" target="_blank">Wiktionary</a> defines it as <i>a subjective aesthetic quality of out-of-focus areas of an image. . . </i> Sounds disturbing! And it sounds like something not desirable in reconnaissance phototography. However, on looking again at old family photos, I'll see if anything of that description strikes me. Can the photographer regulate how much <i>bokeh</i> enters into an exposure?</div>
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As for the <i>nice, diffused look of large flash bulbs,</i> that look is all over the interior shots of old family photos and wedding photos. Plus I remember standing often in an arranged group shot, the heat and light of JPZ's giant floodlights on stands full in all our faces.</div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Capa" target="_blank">Robert Capa</a>'s misfortune, mentioned by the fan, was that his images of the D-Day landings were almost all destroyed by a lab tech under pressure to rush the processing while unfamiliar with all the details of the film he was handling. <a href="http://Banks had put Capa’s films into the drying cabinet as usual, but was so frantic he closed the door with the heat on high, believing that would speed the process. Without ventilation, the heat melted all of the emulsion off the film." target="_blank">From a June, 2014 Vanity Fair article:</a> <span style="background-color: whitesmoke; caret-color: rgb(35, 31, 32); color: #231f20; font-family: Georgia, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><i>Banks had put Capa’s films into the drying cabinet as usual, but was so frantic he closed the door with the heat on high, believing that would speed the process. Without ventilation, the heat melted all of the emulsion off the film.</i></span></div>
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The Graflex Anniversary Speed Graphic shows up in the Photobook in the hands of various team members - EJZ, Frenchie, and the third guy who shows up all the time but whose name we still do not know. Now that we have seen clear pictures of this and the movie camera, and had some names to associate with them and some of their parts, we can notice them more reliably while looking through the photos in the Trove. That is the hope, anyway.</div>
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Julie Zdrojewskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08792995662093668017noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7283388287780765595.post-62492487712566664572020-03-05T13:12:00.000-05:002020-03-06T09:16:51.363-05:00Movie Camera on the National Mall, 1944<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "merriweather" , "georgia" , serif; font-size: 16px;">November, 1944, The National Mall, Washington, D.C. – Our EJZ and a small group of buddies, having completed survival and tactical training on Catalina and crossed back to the East Coast by train, continue briefing at OSS offices in the Capital.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "merriweather" , "georgia" , serif; font-size: 16px;">The <a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2014/05/oss-cbi-photobook-7-washington-dc.html" target="_blank">Photobook, page 7</a>, as well as <a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2014/05/oss-cbi-photobook-7-continued-outtakes.html" target="_blank">certain outtakes related to it</a>, show them on the National Mall practicing with the camera equipment they will be taking to China. That post includes several photos of a certain movie camera, of which this one is the clearest:</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3Dm8Uxwu3gPmANUMUfy_4hyphenhyphenYhaogI0crlYk-vspulSZDSeBq7qcsoOmqjRRgS0I7bFXCNjhKEjg7Al5UMIRPAWt445ZR-RC2nCnDJG9t-Q5fDDxy41mlg2OJZwpCkwpLNZYC_gVi8SZs/s1600/Scan+48.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1290" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3Dm8Uxwu3gPmANUMUfy_4hyphenhyphenYhaogI0crlYk-vspulSZDSeBq7qcsoOmqjRRgS0I7bFXCNjhKEjg7Al5UMIRPAWt445ZR-RC2nCnDJG9t-Q5fDDxy41mlg2OJZwpCkwpLNZYC_gVi8SZs/s400/Scan+48.jpeg" width="322" /></a></div>
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Kind friends have identified it for us as a <a href="https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/7-cameras-used-to-film-war" target="_blank">Cunningham Combat Camera</a>. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_War_Museum" target="_blank">Imperial War Museum </a>has a <a href="https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/7-cameras-used-to-film-war" target="_blank">good example</a>.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhli-IHlZ3_DT-aoWPHZveaq51AQp6IJINaz4igzl7PXQbBxHkeFB54Y7BmEgK_xgOLER3IsTPGB2CqawDph0YoraJsvwF_dPA01ZCl82ThllTFN5rNSX5ILWk0BqcnGutqQgF-S8BeCI8/s1600/default.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="573" data-original-width="865" height="263" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhli-IHlZ3_DT-aoWPHZveaq51AQp6IJINaz4igzl7PXQbBxHkeFB54Y7BmEgK_xgOLER3IsTPGB2CqawDph0YoraJsvwF_dPA01ZCl82ThllTFN5rNSX5ILWk0BqcnGutqQgF-S8BeCI8/s400/default.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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From the IWM blurb: <i>Made from magnesium, it was a lightweight design which made it ideal for filming live combat footage. Features included special grip handles and a rifle stock which ensured it was steady enough for hand-held use in the field. It was electric-powered and ran off small batteries, had a four-lens turret and lenses robust enough for use in tough conditions.</i></div>
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<i><a href="https://ymcinema.com/2020/03/05/meet-the-cunningham-combat-camera-model-c-cinematographing-wwii/" target="_blank">Y.M. Cinema Magazine</a> </i>published several good images of this camera, such as this one:</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmj9fQ2BMHKb2CdedWXOyB05Zj6bG02crL33GrN76xdydeYafQLDxPRsfBPaJ2Z4JPvXL0MKRFiW_kBYGM0GlFwXfzN9S-3O4ekE9qhHba2BzdlIW4Y7sfQBusLwjsJytJaIvu5vkr3hs/s1600/Cunningham-Combat-Camera-Model-C.002.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="576" data-original-width="1024" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmj9fQ2BMHKb2CdedWXOyB05Zj6bG02crL33GrN76xdydeYafQLDxPRsfBPaJ2Z4JPvXL0MKRFiW_kBYGM0GlFwXfzN9S-3O4ekE9qhHba2BzdlIW4Y7sfQBusLwjsJytJaIvu5vkr3hs/s400/Cunningham-Combat-Camera-Model-C.002.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div>
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From their article: <i>The camera excelled in its usability and simplification. Changing the film magazine was allowed on a push of a button, and the focusing mechanism was pretty sraightforward and simplified. Choosing the frame rate was done by a convenient switch. The options were 16, 24, and 32 frames per second.</i></div>
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<a href="https://ascmag.com/videos/asc-museum-minute-cunningham-combat-camera" target="_blank"><i>American Cinematographer </i>has an excellent short video </a>up describing the Cunningham and showing how it works. They flip all the switches, push all the buttons, and let the viewer look through the viewfinder.</div>
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Julie Zdrojewskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08792995662093668017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7283388287780765595.post-20624184602105416402020-01-29T14:08:00.001-05:002020-02-26T11:14:30.742-05:00Matynka Ancestors and Relatives: Suddenly the Family is Bigger<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
My maternal grandfather, Adam Matynka, was one of 8 children, and I never knew it.<br />
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Undoubtedly, my parents took me with them to weddings and funerals where these great-aunts and great-uncles would have been met. But I was to small to remember more than impressions, while the particulars were never written down.<br />
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But now we have particulars in abundance, thanks to long-lost - indeed, never-known - cousin, <b>Timothy Warchocki.</b> <a href="https://www.myheritage.com/site-family-tree-706296861/warchocki#" target="_blank">His pages at MyHeritage.com</a> make clear the various branches of the family lineage, indicate dates, and are illustrated with photos, including some old ones from this blog.<br />
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I am grateful to Tim for making it possible for me to update part of the <a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/p/familiae-personae-matynka.html" target="_blank">Matynka family page here</a>.<br />
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"Auntie Stella," "Auntie Veronica," and "Uncle Tony" were for me names heard in childhood. Now they are persons with places on the family tree. Thank you, Tim.<br />
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<i>Dziadzi</i> Matynka had 7 brothers and sisters.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqmTb7g4sFPR97cCL4bae2RwnLZJXICGb5L79pAVkxZVxjRjg5eZDbNJ5EaXfn8UptIn5rhRVpyDoiI2Qrn0dloP3YArMte57tAPGPQW4t4KMVhJW9QX1fAWWIV7zAMuiE-fvdCPnRppk/s1600/CCF09052012_00008.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1083" data-original-width="1086" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqmTb7g4sFPR97cCL4bae2RwnLZJXICGb5L79pAVkxZVxjRjg5eZDbNJ5EaXfn8UptIn5rhRVpyDoiI2Qrn0dloP3YArMte57tAPGPQW4t4KMVhJW9QX1fAWWIV7zAMuiE-fvdCPnRppk/s400/CCF09052012_00008.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Clara and Adam Matynka,<br />
at 554 Walden Avenue, Buffalo.<br />
It looks like the 1950s.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhZdTFBonsvij-wq2dxmFfeD032gtCabKWUdKC00g9BIKhc_2xS2tcWYVrkxI8RVDZ_Ay6MVY6-J5tgGww_KPHwhEU6Ykfdf_74C1D-DwrJ1iYNOPJhogdj41OuSFhK1wwspG9voEBOzY/s1600/CCF28062012_00012.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="283" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhZdTFBonsvij-wq2dxmFfeD032gtCabKWUdKC00g9BIKhc_2xS2tcWYVrkxI8RVDZ_Ay6MVY6-J5tgGww_KPHwhEU6Ykfdf_74C1D-DwrJ1iYNOPJhogdj41OuSFhK1wwspG9voEBOzY/s400/CCF28062012_00012.jpg" width="282" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Adam Matynka in his uniform<br />
of municipal bus driver<br />
in Buffalo.</td></tr>
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Julie Zdrojewskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08792995662093668017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7283388287780765595.post-75599695624827275312019-12-24T15:35:00.002-05:002020-12-21T09:21:33.072-05:00Chopin, Christmas, and "For Our Freedom and Yours!"<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "merriweather" , "georgia" , serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;">Lulajże, Jezuniu, “</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "merriweather" , "georgia" , serif; font-size: 16px;">Lullaby, Little Jesus” is a traditional Polish Christmas carol dating from the nineteenth century, or who knows, perhaps earlier. Here is a </span><a data-wpel-link="external" href="https://lyricstranslate.com/en/lulajze-jezuniu-hush-little-jesus.html" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007acc; font-family: Merriweather, Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">lyric in original and in translation</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "merriweather" , "georgia" , serif; font-size: 16px;">; very homey, yes?</span><br />
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;">Lulajże Jezuniu, moja Perełko,</span></div><div class="ll-0-2" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(26, 26, 26); color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Merriweather, Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;"> </span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;">Lulaj ulubione me Pieścidełko.</span></div><div class="ll-0-3" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(26, 26, 26); color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Merriweather, Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;"> </span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;">Lulajże Jezuniu, lulaj, że lulaj</span></div><div class="ll-0-4" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(26, 26, 26); color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Merriweather, Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;"> </span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;">A ty go matulu w płaczu utulaj</span></div><div class="ll-0-5" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(26, 26, 26); color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Merriweather, Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;"> </span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;"> Hush little Jesus, my little pearl,</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;"> Hush my favourite little delight.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;"> Hush little Jesus, hush, hush</span></div><div class="ll-0-5" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: normal;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;"> But you lovely mother, solace him in tears</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twPVmOPm-Xw" target="_blank">Here </a></span><span style="background-color: white;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twPVmOPm-Xw" target="_blank">it is sung by Stefan Witas in a 1932 recording </a>for Columbia. It is worth the trouble to follow the link and take a listen, as it </span><span style="background-color: white;">is a great recording of a nice tenor voice, plus all the scratchy vinyl versimilitude.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d9pw0t10MHc" target="_blank">And here is another, recent recording</a>, perhaps a little syrupy, but with the advantage of clarity, sung slowly enough that it is easy to listen and <a href="https://lyricstranslate.com/en/lulajze-jezuniu-hush-little-jesus.html">read the lyric</a> at the same time.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Fryderyk Chopin incorporated this carol into his first </span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;"><a data-wpel-link="external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scherzo" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007acc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">scherzo</a>, </span><span style="background-color: white;">his </span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;">Scherzo No.1 in B minor, Op. 20. </span><span style="background-color: white;">Why would he do that? And for that matter, why would he set a </span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;">musical joke</span><span style="background-color: white;"> in a minor key?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">In 1830, Chopin was in Vienna. The Polish military cadets in Warsaw launched an uprising against the Russian Tsar. This </span><a data-wpel-link="external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_Uprising" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007acc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">November Uprising of 1830 </a><span style="background-color: white;">involved Poles, Ukrainians, Lithuanians, and Belarus, and went on for 8 or 9 months until its ultimate defeat. </span><a data-wpel-link="external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/For_our_freedom_and_yours" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007acc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">This was their battle flag</a><span style="background-color: white;">:</span></div>
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IN THE NAME OF GOD</div>
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FOR AND<br />
OUR YOUR</div>
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FREEDOM</div>
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This is translated as <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">For our freedom and yours</span>, </span>and has been repeated in subsequent wars, and is repeated now.</div>
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Chopin’s friends persuaded him to remain in Vienna while this insurrection raged in his homeland. So his compatriots were fighting for independence far away; he had TB anyway; he could not fight. I think that, obsessed with the knowledge of the fight and feeling the agony of his homeland, he must have considered a <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;">musical joke</span> perfectly appropriate. It was a sick joke that Fate was playing on the Poles and their allies. The music speaks of frenzy.</div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-style: normal;">Here is </span><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">The Taking of the Warsaw Arsenal,</span><a data-wpel-link="external" href="http://www.pinakoteka.zascianek.pl/Zaleski/Index.htm" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007acc; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"> Marcin Zaleski</a><span style="background-color: white; font-style: normal;"> 1831.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLtpLpTpuYnsRw2N60Lz1eZgBHzkv5wPa5F3N9wcVbBCSdFzCcSaXPbnKatDC_hY9NCIngUzb8q1xqhanv_06qqkvbgVzoM5ABQ2ShNIXhI90ZkIDqaFQkxXAP6lp-2EnP8iU4d3bp3XA/s1600/800px-Marcin_Zaleski%252C_Wzie%25CC%25A8cie_Arsena%25C5%2582u.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="513" data-original-width="799" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLtpLpTpuYnsRw2N60Lz1eZgBHzkv5wPa5F3N9wcVbBCSdFzCcSaXPbnKatDC_hY9NCIngUzb8q1xqhanv_06qqkvbgVzoM5ABQ2ShNIXhI90ZkIDqaFQkxXAP6lp-2EnP8iU4d3bp3XA/s400/800px-Marcin_Zaleski%252C_Wzie%25CC%25A8cie_Arsena%25C5%2582u.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-style: normal;">This is easily imagined on hearing the </span><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">scherzo. </span><span style="background-color: white; font-style: normal;"><a href="https://youtu.be/nJhacebV24k" target="_blank">Here is Artur Rubenstein performing</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-style: normal;">The structure of the thing is </span><a data-wpel-link="external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scherzo_No._1_(Chopin)" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007acc; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">all there to read about</a><span style="background-color: white; font-style: normal;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scherzo_No._1_(Chopin)" target="_blank">,</a> but the stunner is what happens in the very center of it. At 3’20” in this recording, the waking nightmare pauses, and reverie takes over. We hear the melody of </span><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">Lulajże, Jezuniu. </span><span style="background-color: white; font-style: normal;">We hear just the melody, as if we were being rocked in maternal arms, or as if we were in meditation before the Manger, or as if we were at home at Christmas.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-style: normal;">But then we are jerked awake, startled back to the present and to war.</span></div>
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There are times when, after reading the news for an hour, I deliberately send my thoughts back to the security and the wholeness of my own childhood – for I was lucky to have such. My father would look at me and say <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;">Pieścidełko </span>– little dear one.</div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-style: normal;">I see the twinkling tree and all the glowing lights; I sense the dark snowy winds beyond the curtains; I hear the music; I sense the fragrances from the kitchen; I notice the rustlings of dear ones moving around the house. Yes, I go back there in memory on purpose, but then startle awake, jerk back to the present, where there is knowledge of protracted, seemingly distant, yet decisive battle.</span></div>
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Julie Zdrojewskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08792995662093668017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7283388287780765595.post-57725800679411596772019-06-30T17:36:00.001-04:002020-02-26T11:08:12.623-05:00Australian Warrior in China Admires His Yank Counterparts<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Gilbert Stuart:<br />
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<i>The OSS operational groups were the first American military men to achieve substantial success in training Asians. Every last OSS instructor knew his specialty from A to Z. Each had a record of success in his subject. Therefore, he was given considerable independence in his teaching.</i></blockquote>
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<i>Each commando soon reflected his teachers' personalities. And oddly enough, these tough Yanks who came to teach the Chinese how to kill also brough</i> [sic] <i>with them more brotherly love than many do-gooders I have met on Asian soil.</i></blockquote>
This is a quote from the 1965 book by Stuart and Levy, <i>Kind-Hearted Tiger.</i><br />
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The passage appears in typescript notes made by R. Harris Smith for his own book, <i><a href="https://www.amazon.com/OSS-History-Americas-Central-Intelligence-ebook/dp/B008AF0CQY/ref=sr_1_2?crid=2LE8T5WAST7EA&keywords=oss+the+secret+history&qid=1561928712&s=gateway&sprefix=OSS%3A+th%2Caps%2C154&sr=8-2" target="_blank">OSS: The Secret History of America's First Central Intelligence Agency</a>.</i><br />
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The Harris notes are in the "China" file in the collection of R. Harris Smith papers: Box 2, Folder 1, <a href="https://www.hoover.org/library-archives" target="_blank">Hoover Institution Archives</a>.<br />
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We have read quotes from Stuart and Levy previously, <a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2019/03/the-chinese-puzzle-considered-with-some.html" target="_blank">here</a>.<br />
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A <i>New York Times</i> book note of June 1, 1964 describes Stuart as follows:<br />
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"KIND-HEARTED TIGER. <i>By Gilbert Stuart with Alan Levy. 375 pages. Little, Brown $5.95.</i></blockquote>
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The bold adventures of Gilbert Stuart, a British-born Australian who served with Chinese forces during the Sino-Japanese War, are detailed in this fast-moving story of his life."</blockquote>
In this blog we have been examining events, personalities, and assessments within a particular field of interest; we are going to continue with more particulars. For background and the big picture, which after all we all need, one place to start is good old Wikipedia: <br />
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<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" target="_blank">Second Sino-Japanese War</a>.</i></div>
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Julie Zdrojewskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08792995662093668017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7283388287780765595.post-67366573291230014702019-03-16T10:53:00.000-04:002020-03-25T13:47:31.942-04:00Kunming, Julia McWilliams Child, and Tad Nagaki<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<i><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Sisterhood-Spies-Elizabeth-P-McIntosh/dp/1591145147/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=sisterhood+of+spies&qid=1552745129&s=gateway&sr=8-1" target="_blank">Sisterhood of Spies</a> </i>is an account of women in the OSS in the European and CBI theaters in WWII. Author Elizabeth P. McIntosh discusses China in her Chapter 19, <i>Over the Hump to China. </i>She notes that <a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2019/03/the-chinese-puzzle-considered-with-some.html" target="_blank">Julia McWilliams Child, of whom we have read mention</a> in R. H. Smith's history, was stationed in the OSS HQ in Kunming from early1945. From pp. 296-297 of the paperback edition:<br />
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<i>At the same time that new OSS women were checking into Chungking's Green Gate, the OSS advance base in K'unming four hundred miles south of Chungking was also expanding. I flew over the Hump in a storm-tossed flight with imperturable Julia McWilliams, who calmly read a book while all the rest of us were preparing to die. . . </i></blockquote>
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<i>The OSS compound was located on the outskirts of town, surrounded by high mud walls. Before the war K'un-ming had been a resort town the end of the rail line from Indochina where French colonials spent their vacations enjoying this invigorating mountain retreat, the sparkling sunshine, and the medieval ambience of the walled city itself. To the north was a beautiful lake with a fleet of fishing sampans. Towering above the city was West Mountain, the landmark for Hump and combat pilots nearing that welcome safe haven, K'un-ming Airport.</i> <i>K'un-ming was also the end of the Burma Road, closed from 1942 to early 1945 while the Japanese controlled that country. Vital military supplies were now arriving aboard lubering trucks caked with red clay from Burma.</i></blockquote>
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<i>Most of the women at K'un-ming headquarters had special operational skills. Julia McWilliams continued the important job of organizing Registry material, as she had done in Ceylon. Reports were coming in constantly from OSS field missions that were gradually spreading out to China's coastal cities. One priority target was the pinpointing of prisoner-of-war camp sites. Later this specific intelligence data enabled OSS rescue teams to zero in on these camps accurately and liberate Allied prisoners held by the Japanese.</i></blockquote>
The liberation to which McIntosh refers is specifically the rescue of Allied military and civilian POWs held by the Japanese as quickly as possible after the Japanese surrender, before the POW camp commanders had time to kill them.<br />
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The mission undertaken by Tad Nagaki, a Nisei OSS commando who rescued civilian prisoners held at a concentration camp in Shantung province, provides an example. From <a href="http://www.weihsien-paintings.org/The7Magnificent/TadNagaki/Soldier%20becomes.htm" target="_blank">an account written up years later</a> when rescuer and rescuees maintained their friendship when back in the USA:<br />
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<i style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">Reports had reached American headquarters in <st1:country-region w:st="on">China</st1:country-region> the summer of 1945 that <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Japan </st1:place></st1:country-region>planned to kill all Prisoners of War (POW). To prevent the massacre, seven-man rescue teams that included medics, communications specialists, and interpreters were hastily organized to find and evacuate POWs in <st1:country-region w:st="on">China</st1:country-region>, Manchuria, and <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Korea</st1:place></st1:country-region>. </i></blockquote>
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<i style="font-family: times, 'times new roman', serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">Determined to make one last difference as World War II came to an end, especially since so many lives were at stake, Nagaki immediately volunteered for the mission. As the “Armored Angel” droned toward Weihsien Concentration Camp in the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Shantung</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Province</st1:placetype></st1:place>, he remembered how he almost didn’t get the chance. </i></blockquote>
It's an excellent story.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPTEMQ9iZbXhv92nB6Gjxvh8Y9cZ5FFGGW6IqlE75JG9wQmgFFE3DLW91TRn06oQ44f9s0n-BdCW6NVWx85U0d1L51wsuZkOh6X2Zzvcyy7X041E35-JqpPyeqI61w2b3hRxKoPkpqUag/s1600/China_from_the_Eyes_of_the_Flying_Tigers_1944-1945_19.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="403" data-original-width="600" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPTEMQ9iZbXhv92nB6Gjxvh8Y9cZ5FFGGW6IqlE75JG9wQmgFFE3DLW91TRn06oQ44f9s0n-BdCW6NVWx85U0d1L51wsuZkOh6X2Zzvcyy7X041E35-JqpPyeqI61w2b3hRxKoPkpqUag/s400/China_from_the_Eyes_of_the_Flying_Tigers_1944-1945_19.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lake Dian and West Mountain; Kunming</td></tr>
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<a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2015/04/oss-jump-instructors-near-kunming-in.html" target="_blank">An earlier Kunming post</a> includes photos of OSS personnel there to train the Chinese. One of them I think is our EJZ.<br />
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Julie Zdrojewskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08792995662093668017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7283388287780765595.post-41483520473823282192019-03-14T11:32:00.000-04:002019-03-14T11:32:35.092-04:00VDH Lectures<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Scholar and farmer Victor Davis Hanson recorded six lectures on aspects of WWII, prepared according the same approach he took in writing his recent <i><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Second-World-Wars-Global-Conflict/dp/0465066984/ref=sr_1_3?crid=21SMD6PCF7AD9&keywords=the+second+world+wars+book&qid=1552575895&s=gateway&sprefix=The+Second+world%2Caps%2C456&sr=8-3" target="_blank">The Second World Wars: How the First Global Conflict Was Fought and Won.</a> </i>Instead of straight chronological narrative, he considers war in the air across the entire span of the conflict; next naval warfare ditto; next the ground wars; next artillery. These four themes - air, water, earth, and fire - come naturally to a classicist and military historian; treating them in the context of WWII is highly effective.<br />
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Dr. Hanson's fifth lecture, <i>People</i>, discusses the cultures of the various combatants, how their cultures affected their thinking and induced them to act, and what were some of the results. These ideas are helpful in trying to understand the very specific history we've been reading about here in recent posts:<br />
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<i><a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2019/02/looking-for-log-in-all-wrong-places.html" target="_blank">Looking for Log in All the Wrong Places</a></i><br />
<i><a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2019/02/nationalist-warlords-ambivalent.html" target="_blank">Nationalist Warlords, Ambivalent Warlords, Commies, and Americans</a></i><br />
<i><a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2019/02/nationalist-warlords-ambivalent.html" target="_blank">Fighting Idealists Find Raw Cynicism</a></i><br />
<i><a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2019/03/the-chinese-puzzle-considered-with-some.html" target="_blank">"The Chinese Puzzle" Considered With Some Source Material from the Hoover</a></i><br />
<i><a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2019/03/mysterious-letter-from-chungking.html" target="_blank">Mysterious Letter from Chungking</a></i><br />
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The final VDH lecture, <i>"Ends," </i>concerns long-term outcome and assessment. All these lectures are preceded by an introductory talk by Dr. Larry Arnn, President of Hillsdale College, in which he gives the widest context, setting the stage for the VDH lectures.<br />
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The series is available as <a href="https://online.hillsdale.edu/courses/WorldWarII/home/world-war-ii-schedule" target="_blank">a free online course from Hillsdale</a>, one of <a href="https://online.hillsdale.edu/dashboard/courses" target="_blank">several on offer</a>.<br />
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Julie Zdrojewskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08792995662093668017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7283388287780765595.post-35846399709329977112019-03-11T20:24:00.000-04:002020-04-04T10:16:39.384-04:00Mysterious Letter from Chungking<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;">"The Chinese Puzzle" is the title of Chapter 8 in the second edition of R.H. Smith, </span><i style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px;">OSS: The Secret History of America's First Central Intelligence Agency. </i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;">We've considered some quotations from that chapter here in </span>the <a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2019/02/fighting-idealists-find-raw-cynicsm.html" target="_blank"><i>Cynicsm</i> post</a>,<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;"> </span>the <i><a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2019/02/nationalist-warlords-ambivalent.html" target="_blank">Warlords</a> </i>post and the <a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2019/03/the-chinese-puzzle-considered-with-some.html" target="_blank"><i>"Chinese Puzzle" </i>post</a>.<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;"> </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px;">In R.H. Smith's "China" folder of materials for his book is a typed letter, 1.5 pages long, dated "Chungking - Nov. 22, 1944. It is unsigned. The salutation is:</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: center;"> </span><i style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: center;">Dear Mr. G.</i><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;">[Chungking at this time was the Nationalist Chinese capital, the city of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, his globally-lethal Secret Police Chief General Tai Li, and their Koumintang Party. In this letter, one "old China hand" is describing the situation to another such, the mysterious Mr. G. An "old China hand" is a European or American, son of diplomatic, academic, religious, or commercial missionaries to China, who spent his youth in the country; for some of them Mandarin or Cantonese was the first language. Smith discusses "old China hands" quite a bit in his Chapter 8, but as far as I can detect on very suspicious close reading, did not quote or paraphrase this letter in it. So although it obviously must have informed Smith's understanding of the situation in China, it has remained mysterious since November 1944. Here is a bit from the first paragraph:]</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "times" , "freeserif" , serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><i>. . . There is so much that must remain unsaid and such a vast and complex field to cover-and I am so ignorant-that I hardly dare pretend to have anything to say about the China of today. But of one thing I am sure- it is completely and radically different from the Pekin you knew and the life that was lead </i>[sic] <i>there when you were a young man</i>. . .</span></span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">[Here is a bit from the second paragraph of this letter of mystery. I am looking at a scanned image of a yellowed sheet of typing paper bearing the characteristic grey typescript, output of a partly used-up typewriter ribbon:]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>I don't know how to start or to end in describing the scene. Indeed I'm not sure in can be described- that is, it is not consistent; . . . things are so fluid that they don't permit of conclusions as to pattern. . . In the first place the Chinese don't hate the Japanese and never have- they merely hope in some vague way , that the Japs will go away. . . Second, the Chinese have little, if any conception of nationhood. And the Party </i>[the unidentified writer here refers to the Koumintang Party] <i>has not appealed to the love of China, but rather insisted on devotion and loyalty to the Party and its leader- a narrow and limited appeal in any event and particularly sterile in recent years because of the "reactionary", or better, moribund leadership from the Gissimo down. . . Third, the soldier and the army are still the lowest in the social and intellectual scale. there is no conscription; not one of the members of the government has suffered any personal loss of sons or brothers. </i></span></blockquote>
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[No skin in the game, and on purpose! Contrast even the monarchs of medieval and Renaissance Europe as they went forth themselves, or sent their sons and Crown Princes, forth to battle the foe across the English Channel, for example. Whether their expeditions were defensive in nature, or venal attempts at territorial expansion, they put their own royal houses at stake.]<br />
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<i>On the contrary, all have profited hugely and are prosperous beyond their wildest dreams so that the great majority of government people, plus the traders, merchant and business man, doesn't </i>[all caps, X'd over!] <i>want the war to end.</i> </blockquote>
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<i>The young Chinese doesn't enlist; he pursues his studies. Only coolies and forced conscripts join the army- they don't join- they are dragged off to a miserable life without enough food or clothing and with miserable quarters, etc.</i></blockquote>
[So imagine these specifically-trained Americans, come to defeat the Imperialist Japanese who had attacked their own country and also invaded, rampaging and doing murder, this ally China. Some of these Americans descended from the Mayflower colonists, others from refugees crossing the Atlantic in steerage holds only forty years before, others, <i>Nisei, </i>sons of ethnic Japanese-American parents who loved their adopted country even as it did not yet love them back. They rode, on ponies and trucks, or flew in, to find a thrall-and-warlord based feudal society enmeshed in complicated, opaque, and deadly strategic traps. Their mission was to help these guys fight the Japanese. Okay, but. . . Just imagine it.]<br />
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<i>Another point. I said that the Chinese don't hate the Japanese- indeed they don't hate anybody. Someone said here recently that there hasn't been a shot fired in anger by the Chinese since Dec. 8, 1941. He meant merely, the Chinese decided then and there, it was our war and they would let us carry the ball.</i></blockquote>
[Those are two distinctly different points. Some hate the murderous invader, of course: just remember Nanking. But can they shoot back, or are they disarmed, starving, and powerless? The Chinese who "decided" to "let us carry the ball" are not the ones fighting, they are the ones not fighting, but protecting their localized power and commercial interests.]<br />
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- quotations from a letter in the R. Harris Smith papers, Box 2, Folder 1, <a href="https://www.hoover.org/library-archives" target="_blank">Hoover Institution Archives</a><span style="color: #1e497d; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0px;">.</span> </blockquote>
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I wonder who lent the original to our author, R.H. Smith. Below the last paragraph of typescript is a phrase in manuscript. It just says <i>Please return b 9.9.3.</i><br />
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Julie Zdrojewskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08792995662093668017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7283388287780765595.post-83729477059966247522019-03-09T11:50:00.000-05:002020-03-25T11:49:41.859-04:00"The Chinese Puzzle" Considered With Some Source Material from the Hoover<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
"The Chinese Puzzle" is the title of Chapter 8 in the second edition of R.H. Smith, <i>OSS: The Secret History of America's First Central Intelligence Agency. </i>We've considered some quotations from that chapter here in <a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2019/02/fighting-idealists-find-raw-cynicsm.html" target="_blank">the <i>Cynicsm</i> post</a> and <a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2019/02/fighting-idealists-find-raw-cynicsm.html" target="_blank">the <i>Warlords </i>post</a>. Here is another sample. From Smith, p. 247:<br />
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<i>OSS intelligence files at Chungking (conscientiously maintained by a jolly amateur chef named Julia McWilliams Child) bulged with reports about the incompetence of the Chinese military command. In November 1944, when Japanese troops began an offensive that threatened Chennault's air bases, groups of OSS demolition teams were sent to destroy equipment that might be captured by the enemy. A fifteen-man team commanded by a 25-year-old veteran of Detachment 101 discovered three huge ammunition dumps that held tons of arms and supplies. They were told the equipment had been collected and hoarded for years against a crisis in east China. With the Japanese only twenty miles away, the bungling Chinese Army commanders were still zealously hoarding the materiel. The Americans were forced to destroy the entire stores only hours before the Japanese entered the town.</i></blockquote>
Since this entire blog is Amateur Hour, I'll give my take on this. <i>Bungling</i> is a misdiagnosis. Those commanders were not bungling, they were sticking with the program instilled in them by their entire warlord-owned culture: <i>obey, be quiet, do not stand out; your warlord awaits his opportunity.</i> Within that context, they performed their parts competently, according to their cultural algorithm.<br />
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A contrasting cultural algorithm can be discerned in the actions of the mechanics and farmboys in the US Army in Normandy, who on their own hook modified their tanks so they could roll right through those deadly hedgerows.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEir3kywWInGV83RSwC06qTmKdQ0XJYHxQSKb6fLbtzXA1zhwFs6a3NegbinspOt5SazSJ0avULn2kRt82IDQpMLKo1p8EOcfCOvHzE7CRkEKB-3U50X-h60hymaCncRmbquqpugms-O0Fw/s1600/sherman_rhinoceros-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="318" data-original-width="395" height="321" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEir3kywWInGV83RSwC06qTmKdQ0XJYHxQSKb6fLbtzXA1zhwFs6a3NegbinspOt5SazSJ0avULn2kRt82IDQpMLKo1p8EOcfCOvHzE7CRkEKB-3U50X-h60hymaCncRmbquqpugms-O0Fw/s400/sherman_rhinoceros-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Chinese infantrymen with the Koumintang were treated like slaves. H.R. Smith continues:</div>
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<i>Other OSS officers were sickened by the treatment the Chinese government afforded its own troops. An OSS doctor who helped select Chinese soldiers for guerilla training described the conditions in their army as a 'crime against humanity.'</i></blockquote>
Where could Smith have found that quotation? Well! We now possess scans of Smith's notes for this chapter, thanks to the work and help of the <a href="https://www.hoover.org/library-archives" target="_blank">Hoover Institution Archives</a>. Thank you, Hoover pros! Smith is quoting Stuart and Levy, from their 1965 <i>Kind-Hearted Tiger</i>:<br />
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R.H. Smith typescript described as "Stuart and Levy, 1965, p.347": </blockquote>
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<i>When OSS began to recruit Chinese soldiers for a second Commando group early in 1945, </i><b>[Note that our EJZ arrived in Kunming in early 1945, to train Chinese commandos.]</b> <i>the surgeon general for the Chinese OGs (John Hamlin) found the Chinese troops from whom he was to select - "Their bodies were covered with standard thin cotton khaki trousers and tunics. Some still had straw sandals. Most were without footgear. All were weak from marching and malnutrition. Many also had dysentery.</i></blockquote>
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<i>Said Hamlin, "We can't accept any of these men. They're dying on their feet. Even in trucks, I doubt if they'll last to Kunming.</i> <i>This is a crime against humanity.</i></blockquote>
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<i>In effect, selecting any of them for OSS training was saving their lives for it would mean shelter and decent food for the commandos who were to be trained. When they reached Kunming, they were marched to their first real meal in months. Some of them had never eaten meat before.</i></blockquote>
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- R. Harris Smith papers, Box 2, Folder 1, Hoover Institution Archives. </blockquote>
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I am taking another look at this image scanned from <i>G&C's </i>OSS CBI Photobook, noticing the details:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwMOv7YpAdFPluAe-YMnu3f-X-pkGi8fA6WwsFkiOnSIes7Y8W_FIfx3m1rvA047orUgstH92y0U4N8wh8Q68M4VDJKC8Er575I6HmNVjil2xxtfOngBaNZpvyCzno8RYhsRrB1WGa5qU/s1600/OSS+CBI+Photobook+15+16.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1338" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwMOv7YpAdFPluAe-YMnu3f-X-pkGi8fA6WwsFkiOnSIes7Y8W_FIfx3m1rvA047orUgstH92y0U4N8wh8Q68M4VDJKC8Er575I6HmNVjil2xxtfOngBaNZpvyCzno8RYhsRrB1WGa5qU/s400/OSS+CBI+Photobook+15+16.jpeg" width="332" /></a></div>
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That photo is included in the post <i><a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2014/12/oss-cbi-photobook-15-southwest-china.html" target="_blank">OSS CBI Photobook 15 - Southwest China, 1945-Reconnaissance, Part 4.</a> </i>The Photobook is here at Trove HQ.</div>
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Julie Zdrojewskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08792995662093668017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7283388287780765595.post-569101462200775982019-02-27T13:42:00.000-05:002019-02-27T13:42:14.789-05:00A Familiar Face at Niagara Falls<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
A recent post, <a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2018/10/a-familiar-face.html" target="_blank">"A Familiar Face,"</a> we can now enjoy in connection with this photo:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxHDCvXopESBa6uRJ_0rtyE8ACG0dKwxzr6fmMfdz4u1ZhDY1ov9R9ng0QE0MRLHd7QrapPIeakTxxbheHhLDCg2awGUsfDHa2wKPlEsq1n_gbMLqsX4D94L1yuqaU7Ev4oz2F4EfuYmI/s1600/CCF15052012_00000.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="278" data-original-width="400" height="277" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxHDCvXopESBa6uRJ_0rtyE8ACG0dKwxzr6fmMfdz4u1ZhDY1ov9R9ng0QE0MRLHd7QrapPIeakTxxbheHhLDCg2awGUsfDHa2wKPlEsq1n_gbMLqsX4D94L1yuqaU7Ev4oz2F4EfuYmI/s400/CCF15052012_00000.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Click to enlarge for lots of nice details, including coolest eyewear.</div>
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This photo is the bottom one in the post <a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2012/05/niagara-falls.html" target="_blank">"Niagara Falls."</a> Thanks to Tye for drawing attention to this image.</div>
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Julie Zdrojewskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08792995662093668017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7283388287780765595.post-90899042201152732222019-02-22T13:12:00.000-05:002020-03-25T11:31:59.151-04:00Just the Right Issue of the Saturday Evening Post<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Major Paul Cyr was in command of Team Jackal in China in 1945. After the war, he wrote up several missions, including the big one on the night of August 9, for the <i>Saturday Evening Post. </i>He then gave a copy of the article to <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Special-Operations-China-Francis-Mills/dp/0932572405/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1550858766&sr=8-2&keywords=OSS+in+China" target="_blank">Frank Mills</a> and to <a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B008AF0CQY/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_hsch_vapi_tkin_p1_i0" target="_blank">R. Harris Smith</a>.<br />
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Copies of the March 23, 1946 issue are available on eBay; mine just came. If you shop on eBay for your own copy, make sure you are considering a "full copy" of the magazine, not merely a detached cover photo.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbKxrkL61RvP61aDX2CZRlGVUIUufgxsLClreyLd9_zE-KBfzuu88dQlLNqCsUgTjAZrhB2kP5MnXIjFcNKkSxYs0fxUMBvsvkWlgNX1GbFirU-utDDfZ3UC8aUk98syhns3Yw4Q-kUgk/s1600/IMG_0365.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1257" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbKxrkL61RvP61aDX2CZRlGVUIUufgxsLClreyLd9_zE-KBfzuu88dQlLNqCsUgTjAZrhB2kP5MnXIjFcNKkSxYs0fxUMBvsvkWlgNX1GbFirU-utDDfZ3UC8aUk98syhns3Yw4Q-kUgk/s400/IMG_0365.jpg" width="313" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Skillful cover art depicts the Windy City.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6cVLvRV12mtrrrtHgxVeQtKCNQF6hKG-jNbenNqwX4xPtOxbjFSuHUi2XBF-h6fvf6QyLe7Gk7_3vvOTBPz_I1fkC2fAL4CFKzSkSBbUDUSm1WlMPEHA77b5ttR46Y3-UI919UCkPCis/s1600/IMG_0366.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6cVLvRV12mtrrrtHgxVeQtKCNQF6hKG-jNbenNqwX4xPtOxbjFSuHUi2XBF-h6fvf6QyLe7Gk7_3vvOTBPz_I1fkC2fAL4CFKzSkSBbUDUSm1WlMPEHA77b5ttR46Y3-UI919UCkPCis/s320/IMG_0366.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Notice the font used for the issue date: military-stamp style.<br />
At this point not all our soldiers were home yet.<br />
The whole country, not just the US Armed Forces,<br />
was going through a lengthy demobilization.</td></tr>
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It is going to take some time to post the entire article of two entire 11" x14" pages plus parts of four more. The result will span multiple posts; although I certainly will link them together for reference, some readers might have a better time with the entire article in hand. <br />
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And the entire issue is quite interesting. For ten cents the customer got work by Irving Wallace, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_Stood_the_Wind_for_France" target="_blank">H. E. Bates</a>, technically skilled artists, and highly entertaining advertising designers. The abundant ads are aimed at men and women, country folk and city-dwellers, military and civilians, young and old, dirt farmers, cattlemen, miners, mechanics, homemakers. Americans were not all just in our information "silos" at that time; we were more aware of each other, of the lives and concerns of our countrymen in various walks of life.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDkyRZfU-dawsDqylJJmVKTE3a9T0cYnkw64WVLk_dLysg1kG3PexAMsMSrbfFRCrTx7DL3KB7pPL3gwV6COmDjhp5_BSR3C0VK44uUcvBEUxyhNKlavNiFRpZ4fRllyv46nOmsvs2cck/s1600/IMG_0369.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1050" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDkyRZfU-dawsDqylJJmVKTE3a9T0cYnkw64WVLk_dLysg1kG3PexAMsMSrbfFRCrTx7DL3KB7pPL3gwV6COmDjhp5_BSR3C0VK44uUcvBEUxyhNKlavNiFRpZ4fRllyv46nOmsvs2cck/s640/IMG_0369.JPG" width="418" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq2OJ7UUB4UiTxFf8w81IwrIdxyWqqnOKXlYbIx45bEgPWWKhvIpynlZAcnWS6NDUXMn_OenhbNltDSwgFdK2bgsM9NCL31Z3Mon_MLg7EHaFh_Jiz29yry-tZYJk6U3qHYMILVXRVYqU/s1600/IMG_0367.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1236" data-original-width="1600" height="247" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq2OJ7UUB4UiTxFf8w81IwrIdxyWqqnOKXlYbIx45bEgPWWKhvIpynlZAcnWS6NDUXMn_OenhbNltDSwgFdK2bgsM9NCL31Z3Mon_MLg7EHaFh_Jiz29yry-tZYJk6U3qHYMILVXRVYqU/s320/IMG_0367.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgK7NHpWJIB-vtlL0FJ4zHkku3U-Zeczb_Pk7jtl8uxL-maFGJ2eKxpiuSu0WqLrkRz9IAUu8rZwosGLhU0MWCdCwyLOhmmZlWUu7jL87diJ5PzicrPHLbyi60x-csinXu2H6jxEzi8oAw/s1600/IMG_0368.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1236" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgK7NHpWJIB-vtlL0FJ4zHkku3U-Zeczb_Pk7jtl8uxL-maFGJ2eKxpiuSu0WqLrkRz9IAUu8rZwosGLhU0MWCdCwyLOhmmZlWUu7jL87diJ5PzicrPHLbyi60x-csinXu2H6jxEzi8oAw/s640/IMG_0368.JPG" width="492" /></a></div>
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Julie Zdrojewskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08792995662093668017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7283388287780765595.post-7961236172833180312019-02-22T10:23:00.000-05:002019-02-22T10:23:26.140-05:00Tips on Posting Comments<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
This post is going to have the label "FAQ." I don't have a section or a Page for Frequently Asked Questions, but I'll use this label for posts about how to use the site. All the labels are listed alphabetically in a big long list in the right sidebar. Additionally, "FAQ" can be typed into the Search box towards the top of the right sidebar.<br />
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Well, now I have had fun taking a screenshot of a Comment section.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlHgE75Ni6pmI9aZ14j7XyTyvIhAskR-D-SBroVXz9Bk4tqMskrWnNorJROz5IHFUdwnlkd1h6kMHW4vkRoaraKJauG83jdTAIu7MkqGH2La0yLu0aaoznyofNCYm5G2z-96HJnN-tM_M/s1600/Gene_and_Clara_s__Who_Is_This_Beautiful_Girl__This_Veritable_Queen_.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="389" data-original-width="665" height="232" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlHgE75Ni6pmI9aZ14j7XyTyvIhAskR-D-SBroVXz9Bk4tqMskrWnNorJROz5IHFUdwnlkd1h6kMHW4vkRoaraKJauG83jdTAIu7MkqGH2La0yLu0aaoznyofNCYm5G2z-96HJnN-tM_M/s400/Gene_and_Clara_s__Who_Is_This_Beautiful_Girl__This_Veritable_Queen_.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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Observe the clickable link consisting of one word, "Reply." If you consider my comment absurd, you can click "Reply" to create a new comment text box nested under my comment to which you are responding. This duplicates my absurd comment and sets it visually right up close to your Reply. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiN2M4M4W7Hz_lqbko1ef1HKukXPkezKIxdbDpv8EAkwkF7awjUX_e4BkjA0muXPN4F-Jj5uahEj16Eqg0dna75lxqKKxhX3ehEkMHU2p6oCwDP-FNE8lL51qBJicAHflqHJeBHYtiapno/s1600/Gene_and_Clara_s__Who_Is_This_Beautiful_Girl__This_Veritable_Queen_+copy.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="620" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiN2M4M4W7Hz_lqbko1ef1HKukXPkezKIxdbDpv8EAkwkF7awjUX_e4BkjA0muXPN4F-Jj5uahEj16Eqg0dna75lxqKKxhX3ehEkMHU2p6oCwDP-FNE8lL51qBJicAHflqHJeBHYtiapno/s400/Gene_and_Clara_s__Who_Is_This_Beautiful_Girl__This_Veritable_Queen_+copy.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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Observe the grayed-out words in your new text box, "Enter your reply," rather than "Enter your comment." You have a nested text-box in which to type "That is absurd!"</div>
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This Reply option is useful when there are multiple people posting comments, perhaps about multiple topics.</div>
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However! Do not just hit "Reply" all the time, as a default! "Replying" to a Reply or Replies causes the software just to keep nesting the nested, and so on, over and over. That makes unnecessary mess for readers to wade through, and also pretty soon becomes very difficult for the software to format. It becomes so narrow as to be unreadable.</div>
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So most of the time, avoid "Reply" and use the Comment text box always provided at the bottom of the string of extant Comments.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFzJAy0Gs1pYrDSMsnh6eB4ELnNnSsSGR0TOHDfMYPFvsgQB0fGQK-KIESnP_hHpYZX7tqPhGtzA5U5Nhe5VNjcVGRd2wuHIcL7gRHpk4ZPqfdagDWKqNx-4-QvHL9hwV5IOu0rUq5-tQ/s1600/Gene_and_Clara_s__Who_Is_This_Beautiful_Girl__This_Veritable_Queen_.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="104" data-original-width="601" height="68" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFzJAy0Gs1pYrDSMsnh6eB4ELnNnSsSGR0TOHDfMYPFvsgQB0fGQK-KIESnP_hHpYZX7tqPhGtzA5U5Nhe5VNjcVGRd2wuHIcL7gRHpk4ZPqfdagDWKqNx-4-QvHL9hwV5IOu0rUq5-tQ/s400/Gene_and_Clara_s__Who_Is_This_Beautiful_Girl__This_Veritable_Queen_.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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When you have typed in your Comment, decide how you wish to be known on the blog post. Drop down the little menu to see your choices. You can use your real name, a nickname known only to family, or be anonymous. You can have a photo or not. If you feel you have made a mistake, and "Published" same, write to me and I can delete your comment and help you to post it a different way. </div>
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Notice the option "Notify me" at the bottom right. If you check the little check box, Blogger will send you an email message to say that follow-on comments have been made. Nice, huh? It works; I tried it.</div>
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At the bottom left is the "Preview" button. It is optional. Many people notice their own typographical errors more readily when reading something in "Preview" format.</div>
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It is helpful to the Commenter to avoid the understandable temptation to enlarge the text box by dragging downwards the lower right corner. Do avoid that, as that will obscure the "Publish" button. Such is the flawed software.</div>
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Finally, you can launch your comment by clicking the big blue "Publish" comment.</div>
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So, nobody has to live in fear here. I am the Administratrix, all-powerful and benevolent. Should you wish to have a comment deleted or altered, email me.</div>
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Julie Zdrojewskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08792995662093668017noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7283388287780765595.post-60225198967881401192019-02-21T11:33:00.000-05:002019-02-22T09:33:30.781-05:00Who Is This Beautiful Girl, This Veritable Queen?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiywFde5-xcaMX9QkrODr_Tf9HYtkRwuLGA2BYA60L_DW4w6_K_FdzG9UBHkh6kzdCePljDPvr-RC8Fd75Gse66QYiKRcIvivq1N2cR3Uw-tieguJ5izgFyVOtrTW3omn0DHhiCO7bT0Vo/s1600/Scan+11.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1080" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiywFde5-xcaMX9QkrODr_Tf9HYtkRwuLGA2BYA60L_DW4w6_K_FdzG9UBHkh6kzdCePljDPvr-RC8Fd75Gse66QYiKRcIvivq1N2cR3Uw-tieguJ5izgFyVOtrTW3omn0DHhiCO7bT0Vo/s640/Scan+11.jpeg" width="432" /></a></div>
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The heavy cardboard frame with folding cover is in mint condition. The frame is glued down solidly over the photographic print; we cannot take a squint at the back. There are no labels.</div>
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Indications that she is a First Holy Communicant include the white gown, hose, and shoes; white veil; Missal and Rosary. Absence of a candle, such as we have seen in FHC portraits of EJZ and JFZ and MPZ, is not a contraindication in my mind, as candle and veil are an unwise combination, so it is best to let the boys tote those big candles.</div>
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Suggestions that this might instead be a Confirmation portrait include her mature appearance: typical age at FHC is 8 years, while typical age at Confirmation is 13 to 14 years. Additionally, her shoes have enough of a heel for a teenager, too much for an 8-year-old. And look at that gold wristwatch over her elbow-length gloves! Again, it seems unlikely for an 8-year-old.</div>
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I've never heard of veils for Confirmation. Has anyone else?</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMJk9g2aEFwxm0pbpncK2uwzjs8duIA_wW02jpVoRGIBwrwd4Jh0xu-hHoNV4yxGKt9TYNuAZPtMX511drWimVOsLKhk2duir5gAhzMRLXZlYM4KZWy42ZDLcrzzwb8eyjaQD4E5RQBAc/s1600/Scan+11+-+Version+2.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1349" data-original-width="1256" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMJk9g2aEFwxm0pbpncK2uwzjs8duIA_wW02jpVoRGIBwrwd4Jh0xu-hHoNV4yxGKt9TYNuAZPtMX511drWimVOsLKhk2duir5gAhzMRLXZlYM4KZWy42ZDLcrzzwb8eyjaQD4E5RQBAc/s400/Scan+11+-+Version+2.jpeg" width="371" /></a></div>
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Is she my Matynka grandmother, Clara Haremska? Our <a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/p/familiae-personae-matynka.html" target="_blank">CHM</a> was born in 1903 or 1909, depending on to which document we give our trust. Eight years of age would then be 1911 or 1917. Fourteen years of age would then be 1917 or 1923. Those all seem plausible to me from the look of the portrait details. Also, CHM and all the Haremska women have high brows like this mystery girl.</div>
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Clara Haremska married Adam Matynka in 1925. My Mom, our CAMZ, labeled the back of this 16" by 20" photographic print with the names and the date. Thanks, Mom!</div>
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The print is curled and tattered with age, but remains impressive.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvr68WBPwCY258bE2Tv68a27VraXYMTy2LH5KzyAbjLznOx6VldkuG8O17tT6FneezZ4Ku1Pc0Xpki-MdMSfs5B_BH_VRj4qyjh7YjyudlidxmpA0nYP9_eYaIcAm23q7-TXU07EM7VMk/s1600/IMG_0361.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvr68WBPwCY258bE2Tv68a27VraXYMTy2LH5KzyAbjLznOx6VldkuG8O17tT6FneezZ4Ku1Pc0Xpki-MdMSfs5B_BH_VRj4qyjh7YjyudlidxmpA0nYP9_eYaIcAm23q7-TXU07EM7VMk/s640/IMG_0361.jpg" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Adam Matynka and Clara Haremska Matynka, 1925<br /></td></tr>
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So, again, the woman above and below is CHM, my Grandma Matynka. Is she our Mystery Queen Girl? What do you think?</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhArKbBXqF-nTE6PhDgfaRNyR9aHmlnn0TetXyhBgFaOjS56zj3kmpuvLbH9xpe1FG8p3F6Xbx9KmY5IgJBVP_s_Iz5ajig-frsusQAxufvQeOErxzPaMh-b4aTgORjRsxi80gGpoDGqS8/s1600/IMG_0364.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhArKbBXqF-nTE6PhDgfaRNyR9aHmlnn0TetXyhBgFaOjS56zj3kmpuvLbH9xpe1FG8p3F6Xbx9KmY5IgJBVP_s_Iz5ajig-frsusQAxufvQeOErxzPaMh-b4aTgORjRsxi80gGpoDGqS8/s640/IMG_0364.jpg" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Clara Haremska Matynka, 1925<br /></td></tr>
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Now let us consider the Mostkowska -Zdrojewska options. Here is the wedding photo of our <a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/p/familiae-personae-zdrojewski.html" target="_blank">JPZ and Julia Mostkowska.</a> The date approximately 1920; Dad, our EJZ, was born in 1923.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX6WaNy46gs6OzroHT1VY-XJ-pYdA2Ax-r1jS9W9gthMpmobGznIFumnmcyCYmjytY4BBJQnjaJ89waw5nJhsDru6Bjltv9OfwhOjYot25UW4PBGW0F9WhGlPWFV15R2W3eIk6wcM9qbE/s1600/CCF25022012_00007.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1229" data-original-width="1600" height="306" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX6WaNy46gs6OzroHT1VY-XJ-pYdA2Ax-r1jS9W9gthMpmobGznIFumnmcyCYmjytY4BBJQnjaJ89waw5nJhsDru6Bjltv9OfwhOjYot25UW4PBGW0F9WhGlPWFV15R2W3eIk6wcM9qbE/s400/CCF25022012_00007.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">John Peter Zdrojewski and Julia Mostkowska Zdrojewska, circa 1920<br /></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1U5itdZ4DxbXy_lyo5svlPXtwbmd24_yFlJIBLMSnkyLyiyaHQh5j4wCM6Qqu-hIkub_7VqBUmEu80La12aUyDknxJcblg3E1h1vCLjx4oxSCMFX368JNHbjzGMR2unvYsn_ZbRj8ieg/s1600/CCF25022012_00007+-+Version+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="668" data-original-width="755" height="352" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1U5itdZ4DxbXy_lyo5svlPXtwbmd24_yFlJIBLMSnkyLyiyaHQh5j4wCM6Qqu-hIkub_7VqBUmEu80La12aUyDknxJcblg3E1h1vCLjx4oxSCMFX368JNHbjzGMR2unvYsn_ZbRj8ieg/s400/CCF25022012_00007+-+Version+2.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Julia Mostkowska Zdrojewska, circa 1920<br /></td></tr>
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Mayhap Mystery Queen Girl is my paternal grandmother, Julia Mostkowska Zdrojewska. What do you think? Her face seems more square, though. And here, alas, we have another covered forehead.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioT97OdzlULFWbwUbzCD1HyRYeiye749W-6o_xVwIZWFU31OK6MxwSe_IWnGkd1Z6fxMA4DcUeW3LvdrrhWbSaqAOvp7h1fmuyF2pI3jsWRvNg8wugqbnGSggtXQCO_g7d6FMF9gx1wcc/s1600/CCF12022012_00000_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="153" data-original-width="138" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioT97OdzlULFWbwUbzCD1HyRYeiye749W-6o_xVwIZWFU31OK6MxwSe_IWnGkd1Z6fxMA4DcUeW3LvdrrhWbSaqAOvp7h1fmuyF2pI3jsWRvNg8wugqbnGSggtXQCO_g7d6FMF9gx1wcc/s400/CCF12022012_00000_2.jpg" width="360" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Julia Mostkowska Zdrojewska<br /></td></tr>
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Is Mystery Queen Girl my paternal aunt Melania Zdrojewska? <a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2018/10/melania.html" target="_blank">Melania was born in 1933</a> and died about 8 years later according to the story from Dad/EJZ. I suppose the portrait could be from 1941, but it seems less likely. If Melania actually lived to age 13 and this was her Confirmation photo, then the year would be 1946. Again, just from the look of things 1946 seems too recent a date for the photo portrait. Finally, we know that Melania died in the 1930s while Dad/EJZ was a high school student at Orchard Lake. So, scratch the Melania/Confirmation possibility with confidence. Melania/FHC remains a possibility, if we allow Dad/EJZ to have misremembered, and that Melania died in 1941 when he was a college student at Orchard Lake, not a high-school student.</div>
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I hope somebody actually recognizes this photo. If so, please let me know! If not, then I invite the spirits of my ancestors to visit me and set me straight on this. Let's talk, OK?</div>
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Julie Zdrojewskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08792995662093668017noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7283388287780765595.post-27992238773159316232019-02-19T10:03:00.000-05:002020-04-04T10:20:27.275-04:00Fighting Idealists Find Raw Cynicism<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2019/02/nationalist-warlords-ambivalent.html" target="_blank">Last post, on the RH Smith book</a>, we considered an extract dealing with <a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/p/cartographia.html" target="_blank">Xi'an and points north</a>. Here are another couple of nuggets that have, from the perspective of a little kid growing up hearing occasional remarks at home, the ring of truth.<br />
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(Note that the page numbers are different for the two different editions of <a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/p/books.html" target="_blank">Smith's <i>OSS</i>.</a> In the 1972 edition, the paragraphs below appear on pp. 284-285. In the 2005 edition, they appear on pp. 260-261. In both editions, these are the concluding thoughts of his chapter "The Chinese Puzzle.")<br />
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First, a report from an OSS team way up north in Manchuria:<br />
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<i>Another member of the OSS team in Manchuria was 26-year-old West Point Captain Roger Hilsman, a veteran of Detachment 101 in Burma. He came to Mukden in the hope of finding his father, an Army general captured by the Japanese. He was happily reunited with the senior Hilsman at one of the prison camps, but not before he and his teammates discovered Russian soldiers loading the entire Japanese industrial machinery of Manchuria on trains bound for the USSR. When the OSS men began to photograph the brick-by-brick dismemberment of Manchuria's industry (supposedly belonging to China) they were arrested by the Russians and finally expelled from the area under pain of death. By the end of September, Colonel Stevens in Chungking wrote unhappily that "the Soviet entry was received here with profound discouragement."</i></blockquote>
So, whose allies are the Soviets, now? Hard to tell.<br />
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Second, an assessment on the general level of suffering of the Chinese at the hands of their own warlords and political factions:<br />
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<i>OSS became accustomed to profound discouragement in its four years in China. . . Major William Lockwood, a Shanghai-born professor and China specialist who joined the OSS Research and Analysis unit at Chennault's headquarters in 1944, later reflected: 'All around them in China our soldiers observed such poverty, ignorance, and disease as they had hardly imagined. Most of the people had never known, nor could they hope for, anything much better. The Chinese armies. . . </i>[were] <i> miserably equipped and frequently half-starved. . . Their leaders in many areas seemed less interested in using them to kill Japanese than to jockey for postwar political advantage. . . On every hand were merchants, landlords, and poiticos sitting out the war, leaving it to their allies to finish off the Japanese. Meanwhile, they themselves waxed fat with wartime graft and profiteering, frequently at the expense of the Americans. . . they </i>[the OSS men] <i>found little to praise in Kuomintang rule and didn't know whether the Communists up north were any better.'</i></blockquote>
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The hunt for the Team Jackal field log will continue. <br />
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Scanning and uploading of photos from the Photobook will resume, interleaved with discussion of chapters of <a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/p/books.html" target="_blank">Mills, Mills, and Brunner</a> as we go through that, too.<br />
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I've just found on eBay a copy of the 1946 <i>Saturday Evening Post</i> that includes Paul Cyr's article about the Yellow River Bridge mission. Most of that same article is pasted into the Photobook, on Photobook pages we have yet to scan. However, the last several paragraphs of the article are missing! Apparently, they were discarded. All right, so this "new" copy is due to arrive here at Trove HQ this Friday. Let's hope it's all in there. I'll let you know.<br />
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Love,<br />
Julie</div>
Julie Zdrojewskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08792995662093668017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7283388287780765595.post-47528687815671271512019-02-18T13:35:00.000-05:002020-03-25T10:51:57.227-04:00Nationalist Warlords, Ambivalent Warlords, Commies, and Americans<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/2019/02/looking-for-log-in-all-wrong-places.html" target="_blank">Last post</a> concluded with a mention of the <a href="https://oac.cdlib.org/view?docId=kt4j49r688&developer=local&style=oac4&s=1&query=China&x=0&y=0&servlet=view" target="_blank">R. Harris Smith collection</a> at the Hoover Institution. This collection is described as including<br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #323232; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , "clean" , sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">. . . research material for the book by R. H. Smith, entitled </span><i class="ead-italic" style="color: #323232; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">OSS : The Secret History of America's First Central Intelligence Agency</i><span style="background-color: white; color: #323232; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , "clean" , sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"> (Berkeley, 1972).</span></blockquote>
If you search the collection for "China" it turns up one hit: "Box 2: China." Could that box have, after all, anything of interest to us in pursuit of Team Jackal data? I took a look the old-fashioned way, by consulting the Index in EJZ's old copy of the book. Anybody else recall seeing this book lying around? I often saw him sitting on the sofa, reading it intently, but he said nothing directly about it.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1Ynf7rXjbImOg2ZpQWylv-Sbd63YD_YJmEAsExa_VD1rNlACgn9HLEbAv-aZx4CU8ze33d5_ZTc1AgyNPbMc-KCMs4EJ_4SIlsixBLskgJ6EJp5yVQnTw6-oczXiDuStKu2U-j-J6AsQ/s1600/IMG_0360.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="605" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1Ynf7rXjbImOg2ZpQWylv-Sbd63YD_YJmEAsExa_VD1rNlACgn9HLEbAv-aZx4CU8ze33d5_ZTc1AgyNPbMc-KCMs4EJ_4SIlsixBLskgJ6EJp5yVQnTw6-oczXiDuStKu2U-j-J6AsQ/s320/IMG_0360.jpg" width="121" /></a></div>
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While Smith does not treat in his book the Yellow River Bridge mission specifically or in detail, he does discuss the interplay between the Communists, the Nationalists, and the Americans in the area north of Sian/Xian, where they all met increasingly often in 1944-45. In Chapter 6 of this 1972 edition, "The Chinese Puzzle," pp. 280-281, Smith describes the Communists staking out claims to Chinese positions in anticipation of the Americans' ousting of the Japanese occupation forces, and the Nationalists protesting, though not fighting any harder:</div>
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<i>The American position in this dispute was a model of ambiguity. Wedemeyer ordered American forces to aid the central government armies in the reoccupation of enemy areas. They were to provide transport to Chiang's troops and were authorized to accept Japanese surrenders on behalf of the Chiang government. But, added Wedemeyer, none of these actions should violate the basic principle that American forces were not to be used to aid the Chinese government in a civil war with the Communists!</i></blockquote>
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<i>OSS officers were the first to see the absurdity of this dream of "neutrality." In April 1945, forty-six OSS men set up headquarters at an old Seventh Day Adventist mission at Sian in north China, some 150 miles south of Yenan.</i></blockquote>
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Dad was in that contingent.<br />
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The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Situation_at_the_End_of_World_War_Two.PNG" target="_blank">map</a> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" target="_blank">Japanese occupation at that stage of the war</a> shows "Communist base areas" throughout the central section of the the Japanese-occupied areas, plus areas just to the west in north China.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvvTKOlpOChKchir9zbd3yY0ED4ArHDV7S5lR6hAmZWvBUt6J6V0-UFSw4XlkK0WrSWMEQz6zN3UjbaFET6ekkaJPLRj14tQKMslgrAVX1mXoq7ve8h_xzflucFoM-BD0wsvc-17HWVKM/s1600/775px-Situation_at_the_End_of_World_War_Two.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="775" height="307" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvvTKOlpOChKchir9zbd3yY0ED4ArHDV7S5lR6hAmZWvBUt6J6V0-UFSw4XlkK0WrSWMEQz6zN3UjbaFET6ekkaJPLRj14tQKMslgrAVX1mXoq7ve8h_xzflucFoM-BD0wsvc-17HWVKM/s400/775px-Situation_at_the_End_of_World_War_Two.PNG" width="400" /></a></div>
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Take a squint at an enlarged image of <a href="https://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/p/cartographia.html" target="_blank">this map</a> and see <a href="http://eugenezdrojewski.blogspot.com/search/label/Kunming" target="_blank">Kunming</a>, in Yunnan province in the south, just east of Burma. This is the big base where men gathered for training after coming from Burma. See Shian/Xian/Xi'an, in Shaanxi province to the north. See the giant red-stipple area just north of that ancient city, surrounding Yenan and with a salient headed due south toward Xian and its railroad. That is where Jackal went.</div>
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R. Harris Smith continues:</div>
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<i>In early August, the German-American colonel</i> [that must be Kraus] <i>who commanded the group (he was selected for the post because the local Chinese warlord had been educated in Berlin) began dispatching his OSS teams into the field. These units encountered difficulties with Japanese and Chinese troops of all descriptions. There was a thin line, for example, between Kuomintang loyalists and Chinese puppet soldiers who had fought for the Japanese. </i>[!] <b><i>One team commanded by a 24-year-old Jedburgh</i></b></blockquote>
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<b><i> </i>[the team is JACKAL; the commander is Paul Cyr; the source is the <i>Saturday Evening Post </i>article we have here in the Trove]</b></blockquote>
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<i>parachuted to their "drop zone" to find their "reception committee" composed of a "group of Chinese who were paid by the Japs - got their arms from the Japs and might easily be loyal to them." The local warlord "had commanded a division for the Chinese Nationalist government; when he was captured by the Japs, he commanded a division for them with the same aplomb and good nature. It was our information that he was still in correspondence with Chiang Kai-shek, and would help if he didn't risk his own neck." These puppet troops were only a temporary problem. When the war ended, the warlord generals who had been traitors to their country abruptly realigned themselves with the Chiang government. The Chungking regime accepted their support as allies against the Communists with open arms.</i></blockquote>
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<i>OSS had also become inadvertently concerned about growing Communist strength. In the last month of the war, two OSS teams dispatched from Sian to the guerilla zones were arrested by Communist troops, In both cases, the Dixie Mission at Yenan secured their release. It appeared that local Communist zealots had acted without approval of Communist headquarters. Then in August dozens of OSS intelligence officers were sent into the northern hinterland from Sian to report on the local military conditions. Communist troops, who saw these teams as tools for the Kuomintang, deliberately harassed the Americans. In mid-August, the OSS commander at Sian </i>[again, that would be Colonel Kraus] <i>anxiously wired Kunming: "Now appears all field teams face conflict with Communists in trying to carry out orders to occupy cities on Jap surrender and seize records. . . Request instructions on what action teams should take. Suggest that if teams must fight Reds to carry out orders they be withdrawn to Sian. Sincerely feel teams should not risk their lives in conflict with Reds. Feeling in North China is civil war will start immediately after Jap capitulation."</i><i><br /></i></blockquote>
Dad said that he and his buddies met up with Russians. Stalin's army and NKVD were advising and training the Red Chinese. Dad told me that during one of these wary, slow-motion encounters, one of the Russians took him to one side to beg him, plead with him:<br />
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<i><b>Take me with you! Please, please, take me with you!</b></i><br />
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Dad cried telling me that he had to reply:<br />
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<i><b>I can't! I can't!</b></i><br />
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More tomorrow.<br />
Julie<br />
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Julie Zdrojewskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08792995662093668017noreply@blogger.com0